Lower-motor neuron lesion

Decreased bladder activity or hypotonicity due to a lower motor neuron lesion or overdistension of the bladder or to both. 

Scissors gait In scissors gait the legs are adducted, crossing alternately in front of one another. Both lower limbs are spastic, and there is spasm ofthe adductor muscles at the hipjoints, often accompanied by pronounced compensatory motions ofthe trunk and upper extremities. Bilateral upper motor neuron lesions, advanced cervical spondylosis, or multiple sclerosis may produce this gait pattern. 

Motor pathways in the brain consist of an upper motor neuron and a lower motor neuron. The upper motor neuron is located in the cerebral cortex and the lower motor neuron in the brain stem. A lesion of the upper motor neuron will result in muscle weakness or paralysis, with no muscle atrophy early and a disuse atrophy developing after a period of time. If a body part is bilaterally represented in the cortex, this would not be as noticeable. Increased muscle tone may be present along with increased tendon reflexes. The lower motor neuron is located in the brain stem. A lesion of the lower motor neuron is generally manifested as muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, loss of reflexes, and an atrophy of the muscles. 

Obviously, in complete upper-motor neuron paraplegics (thoracic level SCI patients), no EMG occurs below the level of the lesion, since the lower-extremity neurons do not fire. However, under FES, action potentials arise at the stimulated motor neurons. These produce action potentials similar to those in... 

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