Low temperature plasmas

Storch D G and Kushner M J 1993 Destruction mechanisms for formaldehyde in atmospheric pressure low temperature plasmas J. Appl. Phys. 73 51-5... 

Earth to space (sateUite) to earth communication links are relatively insensitive to ionospheric disturbances. Communications between earth and manned space vehicles are barely affected by plasmas when the spaceships are well away from the atmosphere, eg, in orbit or in a translunar trajectory. However, during reentry of a spaceship, a low temperature plasma forms around the vehicle and intermpts the communication links to it (183). Plasmas are incidental to the performance of modem rockets used to explore the solar system. 

The plasma utilized for polymer treatment is generally called nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma [59]. In low-temperature plasma for polymer treatment, relatively few electrons and ions are present in the gas. Here, energy of electrons are in the range of 1-10 eV. This energy causes molecules of gas A to be ionized and excited. As a result radicals and ions are produced. 

Hussain, T., and Ibberson, V., Synthesis of Ultrafme Silicon Nitride in an RF Plasma Reactor, in Advances in Low-Temperature Plasma Chemistry, Technology, Applications, 2 71-77, (H. Boenig, ed), Technomic, Lancaster (1984)... 

Effect of surface modification by low temperature plasma on the photocatalytic activity of TiOi thin film... 

In this work, Ti02 films prepared by sol-gel method were surface-modified by treating the surface with low temperature plasmas. And, effects of the modifications on the photocatalytic activity of the films under UV-A and fluorescence light were investigated. 

Sequence plasma ON (low temperature) - plasma OFF (high temperature) in the presence of a mixture of HCs representative of diesel engine exhaust... 

The chemical and petrographic properties of the twenty coals used in the hydrogenation experiments are shown in Tables II and III. Mineral matter was determined directly using a radio frequency low temperature plasma asher at medium power rating for approximately 48 h per coal. The volatile matter was corrected for the effects of the mineral matter by applying the equation used by Given et al (5). 

The most perspective are the methods based on application of nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma [3], They have a number of advantages smaller dimensions of the equipment, opportunity to automate both the process and quality control of processed environment, low involvement of human resources, opportunity to use new solutions, though poorly investigated, but having useful potential and properties. The basis for the process is the contact plasma discharge on the surface of a liquid phase formed between an electrode in gas phase and surface of the liquid, in which the second electrode is immersed. 

Xu, W., et ah, Low-temperature plasma-assisted preparation of graphene supported palladium nanoparticles with high hydrodesulfurization activity. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012. 22(29) p. 14363-14368. 

Small Data Set. Low-temperature (plasma) ashes (LTAs) were obtained from ten diverse coal samples (Table I), ranging in rank from lignite to Ivb. Infrared spectra were obtained of duplicate samples of each LTA. A separate set of duplicates generated (for other purposes) for the first four LTAs listed also was analyzed by FTIR. 

BIOPLASMA. Development of bioethanol to hydrogen conversion reactor through low temperature plasma. 

The Environmental Dynamics low-temperature plasma (LTP) process is an ex situ technology that treats soils contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). According to the vendor, the technology has the following advantages ... 

Besides the already mentioned techniques, a low-temperature plasma has been adopted to enhance the reaction in CVC. Through the synthesis of AIN UFPs by an RF-plasma-enhanced CVC using trimethylaluminum [A1(CH3)3] and NH3 as reactants, the effect of experimental parameters on the rate of powder formation, particle size, and structure was examined (60). A high RF current was primarily connected to a high electron density, which activated the gas-phase reaction to promote the powder formation rate. The increase of both susceptor temperature and A1(CH3)3 concentration also increased the powder formation rate and enhanced the grain growth, where both mechanisms—coalescence by particle collision and vapor deposition on to particle surfaces—were believed to occur. 

Gallium. Since investigation showed that gallium is not lost when coal is ashed in a low-temperature plasma asher not exceeding 150 °C, Santoliquido and Ruch (4, 23) determined gallium in the low-temperature ash of coal. 

Chang, J.-S. (1987) Proceedings of International Symposium on High Pressure Low Temperature Plasma Processing, IEE Japan Press, pp. 45-54. 

Kogelschatz, U., and Eliasson, B. (1996) Presentation on the International Symposium on high pressure low temperature plasma chemistry, Milovy, Czech Republic, September 2-A. Rajanikanth, B., Okumoto, M., Katsura, S., and Mizuno, A. (1996) Proceedings of 1996 IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, pp. 1813-1817. 

Product Bulletin Ho. L801 "Low Temperature Plasmas for Ashing Analytical Samples", Dionex Corp. (Gas Plasma Systems Div.) 31159 San Benito St., P. 0. Box L136, 31172 Huntwood Avenue, Hayward, CA, 9L5LL. 

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