Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study

Some prospective and case-control studies also investigated the relationship of carotenoids and the evolution of CCA-IMT. Although the EVA study showed no association between total carotenoids and IMT, others like the ARIC study, the Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study, " and the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study demonstrated the protective role of isolated carotenoids such as lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and P-cryptoxanthin on IMT. Thus, findings from prospective and case-control studies have suggested that some carotenoids such as lycopene and P-carotene may present protective effects against CVD and particularly myocardial infarcts and intima media thickness, a marker of atherosclerosis. 

Dwyer, J.H. et al., Oxygenated carotenoid lutein and progression of early atherosclerosis the Los Angeles atherosclerosis study, Circulation, 103, 292, 2001. 

Dwyer KM, Nordstrom CK, Bairey Merz CN, Dwyer JH. Carotid wall thickness and years since bilateral oophorectomy the Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study. Am J Epidemiol 2002 156 438-444. 

Wu H, Dwyer KM, Fan Z et al. (2003) Dietary fiber and progression of atherosclerosis The Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 78 1085-1091. 

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