Longitudinal joints,

SE values shown in tliis table for welded pipe include the joint quality factor E, for the longitudinal weld as required by Fig. 10-164 and, when applicable, the structural-grade quality factor Es of 0.92. For some code computations, particularly with regard to expansion, dexibility, structural attachments, supports, and restraints, the longihidinal-joint quality factor E, need not be considered. To determine the allowable stress S for use in code computations not ntdizing the joint quality factor E, divide the value SF shown in tliis table by the longitudinal-joint quality factor E, tabulated in Fig. 10-164. 

Longitudinal joints in cylinders are more highly stressed than circumferential joints, and the code takes this fact into account. When forming heads, there is usually some thinning from the original plate thickness in the knuckle area, and it is prudent to specify the minimum allowable thickness at this point. 

Longitudinal joints not over xi-in. thick. Circumferential joints not over <-in. thick. 

E = longitudinal joint factor obtained from Table IX-3B of Mandatory Appendix IX... 

The longitudinal joint factor shall be in accordance with Mandatory Appendix IX, Table IX-3B. 

This table is split into two tables by usage Table IX-3 A, Basic Quality Factors for Longitudinal Weld Joints in Pipes, Tubes, and Fittings, Ey and Table IX-3B, Longitudinal Joints Factors for Pipeline Materials. 

Table IX-3B Longitudinal Joints Factors for Pipeline Materials...

Thick-walled cylindrical and spherical shells (internal pressure), minimum thickness based upon circumferential stress (longitudinal joints)... 

The adopted methods were x-ray radiography (RT-X), especially concerning circumferential and longitudinal joints magnetic particle testing (MT) ultrasonics (UT) tensile and cold-bend test macroscopic sections hardness test metallographic examinations microanalysis (EDS) SANS. 

Concrete lined canals, traverse and longitudinal joints Multilevel parking lot joints... 

The alignment of steel plate surfaces at butt weld joints shall be matched to within Vis" (1.6 mm) on both circumferential and longitudinal joints on the inside surfaces of the vessel. Where plates of different thicknesses are welded together, such as heads and shells, the thicker plate shall be machined or ground on the outside surface with a 4 1 taper so as to have approximately the same thickness as the thinner plate at their junction. 

The results of thermal stress demonstrate that due to the setup of one temporary transverse joint and three longitudinal joints, the horizontal tensile stresses within the concrete are controlled so that the tensile stresses in the vertical direction are much higher than those in horizontal directions. Figs.5 illusu-ates the thermal creep stress evolutions at the interior centre points of the concrete blocks close to ground surface. 

When longitudinal joint is formed, rolling starts from the joint. The roller moves over the hot mat with approximately 200 mm of its drum overlapping the already compacted mat. This is known as hot-side rolling. 

In case paving starts from a transverse cold joint, with or without the formation of longitudinal joint, a number of different techniques are used in all cases, the transverse joint is cross rolled first. 

Figure 8.20 Typical rolling pattern after the formation of the longitudinal joint.

Figure 14.6 Schematic plant view of unreinforced, jointed reinforced and continuously reinforced type of rigid pavements, (a) Unreinforced rigid pavement with contraction and expansion joints (b) jointed reinforced rigid pavement with contraction and expansion joints (expansion joint is not shown in the plan view) and (c) continuously reinforced rigid pavement with longitudinal joint.

The longitudinal joints are needed not only to control cracks along the longitudinal direction but also to provide the ability to construct concrete slabs with an appropriate width. The maximum allowable slab width is usually 4.2 m for unreinforced slab and 6 m for reinforced slab. A typical cross section of a longitudinal joint between two separately constructed unreinforced or jointed reinforced slabs is shown in Figure 14.10a. 

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