London Agreement

A glance at the London Agreement, which established the legal framework for the Nuremberg Trials, reveals two remarkable articles, which are clearly incompatible with the procedures of a state under the... 

According to the London Agreement, these facts of common knowledge" included anything which any office or commission from any Allied nation claimed in documents, files, reports and protocols. Thus, all evidence produced in the trials discussed in 3.3.1.1 to 3.3.1.4 was deemed to be a matter of fact needing no further substantiation. The IMT categorized the SS and the Waffen-SS, for example, as criminal organizations primarily on the basis of the evidence produced in the Dachau Trials.91... 

We often refer to Heitler and London s method as the valence bond (VB) model. A comparison between the experimental and the valence bond potential energy curves shows excellent agreement at large 7 ab but poor quantitative agreement in the valence region (Table 4.3). The cause of this lies in the method itself the VB model starts from atomic wavefunctions and adds as a perturbation the fact that the electron clouds of the atoms are polarized when the molecule is formed. 

In view of the complications of the intermolecular potential (as compared to the interatomic potential of the rare gas atoms) the comparisons for molecules in Tables II, III, and IV should be judged with caution. The apparent discrepancies from the theories for single atoms can be misleading. An example is the calculation for CH4 on the Slater-Kirkwood theory where Table IV shows the absurd value of 24 for the effective number of electrons. Pitzer and Catalano32 have applied the Slater-Kirkwood equation to the intermolecular potential of CH4 by addition of all the individual atom interactions and, with N = 4 for carbon and 1 for hydrogen, obtained agreement within 5 per cent for the London energy at the potential minimum. 

The investigation shows agreement between the standard laminar incompressible flow predictions and the measured results for water. Based on these observations the predictions based on the analytical results of Shah and London (1978) can be used to predict the pressure drop for water in channels with as small as 24.9 pm. This investigation shows also that it is insufficient to assume that the friction factor for laminar compressible flow can be determined by means of the well-known analytical predictions for its incompressible counterpart. In fact, the experimental and numerical results both show that the friction factor increases for compressible flows as Re is increased for a given channel with air. 

Sennert, Daniel. Chymistry made easie and useful, or, the agreement and disagreement of the chymists and galenists / by Daniel Sennertus, Nich. Culpeper, and Abdiah Cole. London Printed by Peter Cole, 1662. [10], 166 p. 

Harmonization of pharmacopeial standards as a practical matter began at the International Congresses of Pharmacy between 1865 and 1910 [2], but the first formal attempt can be traced to 1902. Both USP President Horatio C. Wood, M.D., and Frederick M. Power, Ph.D., an American chemist of the Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratories of London, were appointed by the U.S. Secretary of State as delegates to represent the United States government at the International Conference for the Unification of the Formulae for Heroic Medicines, a conference of 19 countries from Europe and North America [3]. The second conference occurred in 1918. The 3rd in 1925 was attended by 31 countries from all continents except Asia and Australia. They drafted a new International Convention, which came in force in 1929. It revised the 1902 agreements on 77 heroic medicines and introduced the concept of maximum dose. It also requested that the League of Nations create a permanent secretariat of pharmacopeias [4]. Andrew G. DuMez, Ph.D., represented the USP, and was officially appointed by the U.S. Public Health Service to represent the United States at this conference [4,5]. An expert committee of the League of Nations planned a third conference for 1938, but it was never convened because of World War II [2]. 

What does seem to be clear is that without the international agreements reached in Montreal, London, and Copenhagen, the problem of ozone depletion would probably have been much worse than it is today. The graph on page 79 shows the trends in ozone depletion (as measured by the concentration of chlorine in the stratosphere) that would have been seen in the absence of no agreement at all, with the Montreal Protocol alone, and with later amendments to that agreement. 

With a few additional refinements, the two approaches are found to give satisfactory agreement. The values often lie in the range 0.5 to 1.0, which shows that, in general, half or more of the surface tension can be attributed to London forces. 

The nitrite ion has its two most weakly bound electrons in the a sa-Su orbital, i.e., more localized on the N atom than on the O atoms. One might therefore expect reaction with an acceptor entity to take place at the N atom rather than at the O atoms. In agreement, the nitrite ion reacts with a carbonium ion to form a nitro-compound (Austin, Thesis, London, 1950). 

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