Lollipop method

Another separation method involves cooling of the organic/aqueous phase to -20 °C in deep-well plates in the presence of pins. After the freezing process, the aqueous phase can be removed as ice attached to the array of pins while the organic phase remains in the deep-well plate. By this so-called lollipop method, 96 aqueous/organic mixtures can be easily separated [12]. 

The ingenious Lollipop method (Fig. 10) was invented by a summer student at Glaxo, and has been commercialized by Radleys. The organic and aqueous phases are mixed in polypropylene containers (two array sizes are available 95 x 1.2 mL and 24 X 7 mL) and allowed to separate. An array of polymer pins is then immersed into the two-phase solution, which is subsequently cooled in a dry-ice/... 

Fig. 10 Phase separation using Radleys Lollipop method (left) and the fully automated Mettler Toledo ALLEXis (right).

A complementary protocol, appropriately termed the lollipop method, for the separation involving solvent less dense than the aqueous phase was also disclosed [1]. The technique involves cooling the biphasic mixture in the presence of an array of pins, after the freezing process the solidified aqueous phase is removed attached to the pins. 

UML offers one notation to define the interface of a component (the lollipop notation). Catalysis recognizes that component technology is about the connecting together of encapsulated units. The types of these connections will vary a given component architecture will define its own types. You can define a component architecture using frameworks and then use those frameworks to compose components as diverse as workflow, event-property-method connections, and traditional objects. 

Iontophoresis techniques (i.e., the use of electric current to facilitate transdermal delivery) have also been advocated as a way to enhance transdermal opioid delivery to the systemic circulation.11 By varying the amount of electric current, iontophoresis may ultimately allow the patient to control the rate of transdermal administration of the opioid.10,76,78 Finally, certain opioids such as fentanyl can be administered systemically via lozenges or a lollipop that dissolves in the mouth (transmucosal delivery), or via nasal spray (intranasal administration).21,54 It will be interesting to see if these newer methods of administration will gain widespread acceptance in the future. 

Oral ingestion of fentanyl is the most common way it is used to relieve chronic pain today. This is achieved primarily in a lollipop or lozenge that allows for a slow ingestion into the body. Most of the lollipops and lozenges are cherry flavored for children in cancer wards, this is the preferred method of administration because they seldom view the treats as medication. Rectal administration is sometimes used as well if the patient cannot receive oral medication or if they have a strong nausea reaction to the fentanyl. This method is used only as a last resort, and few patients opt for it. 

Corrosion tests that are performed on lollipops are corrosion potential readings as described in ASTM C 876 (Test Method for Half-Cell Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete), polarization resistance as described in ASTM G 59, using IR correction [3,9], and EIS [9]. Specimens are broken open to visually examine the bars for confirmation of the electrochemical results, and chloride analyses are performed. The chloride analysis correlates the chloride content to the corrosion activity. 

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