Lohmann reaction

CK catalyzes the synthesis of ATP and PCr in a reversible Lohmann reaction. Data presented in Table 35.7 show the normal distribution of CK and its isoenzymes in skeletal muscles of untreated control rats. The findings revealed that the fast muscle EDL had the maximal CK activity, followed... 

In the contractile apparatus of striated muscles it is relatively easy to identify and locate the source, the conductors, and the sink of protons. The ATPase is located in the cross-bridges creatine phosphokinase, CPK, the enzyme catalyzing the (proton-consuming) Lohmann reaction, in the struc-... 

It may be illuminating that graphs used by the biochemist are either Vol pert graphs as in the case of the Lohmann reaction shown in Fig. 3.2 or are the duals of the Vol pert graph (and this is the more usual case) as... 

The reaction is catalysed by arginine kinase (EC 2.7.3 3) (Rg.). There are several other invertebrate R, particularly in worms, e.g. lombricine phosphate and taurocyamine phosphate. The P. of vertebrate muscle is creatine phosphate (phosphocreatine M, 211.1), which is formed from creatine and ATP by the action of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) (Lohmann reaction. Fig.) reversal of the reaction regenerates ATP. The system, creatine phosphate creatine kinase + ADP, is often used in vitro for the continual generation of ATP, if the enzyme under investigation is inhibited by substrate levels of ATP. 

These important enzymes are numerous and universally present in the biosphere. The Lohmann enzyme oi creatine-phosphokinase has been known for a long time. It catalyses the transfer of a phosphoric add residue from adenosine triphosphate to creatine (Lohmann reaction). 

CK catalyzes the synthesis of ATP and PCr in a reversible Lohmann reaction. Table 40.7 shows the normal... 

The natural substrate for the dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G-3-P), had been synthesized earlier by Hermann Fischer, Emil Fischer s son, and Baer in 1932. In 1934 Meyerhof and Lohmann synthesized hexose diphosphate, establishing it to be fructose 1,6 bisphosphate (F-l, 6 bis P). With F-1,6 bisP as substrate and hydrazine to trap the aldehydic and ketonic products of the reaction, G-3-P was identified in the mixture of G-3-P and dihydroxyacetone phosphate which resulted. Triose phosphate isomerase was then isolated and the importance of phosphorylated 3C derivatives established. 

In the few known cases of intermolecular reactions of thermally or photochemicaUy generated vinylcarbenes, the yields are markedly lower a) Franck-Neumann M, Loh-mann JJ (1977) Angew Chem 89 331 Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl 16 323 Angew Chem Suppl 1715 b) Stang PJ (1978) Chem Rev 78 383 c) Eranck-Neumann M, Lohmann JJ (1979) Tetrahedron Lett 2397 d) Bruce MI (1991) Chem Rev 91 197... 

Hydrothermal reactions between seawater and young oceanic crust have been proposed as an influence on atmospheric O2 (Walker, 1986 Carpenter and Lohmann, 1999 Hansen and Wallmann, 2002). While specific periods of oceanic anoxia may be associated with accelerated hydrothermal release of mantle sulfide (i.e., the Mid-Cretaceous, see Sinninghe-Damste and Koster, 1998), long-term sulfur and carbon isotope mass balance precludes substantial inputs of mantle sulfur to the Earth s surface of a different net oxidation state and mass flux than what is subducted at convergent margins (Petsch, 1999 Holland, 2002). 

FIGURE 6.9 Time-of-flight mass spectra and deconvolution results of (a) unmodified (3-LGA, (b) (3-LGA after reaction with NAPQI, (c) (3-LGA after reaction with AQQI, and (d) (3-LGA after reaction with CLZox. The mass spectra of the modified protein were obtained after online reaction of the unmodified protein with electrochemically generated reactive metabolites. (From Lohmann, W. et al., Anal. Chem., 80, 9714, 2008. With permission.)... 

Any cell reaction can be considered to be an electron transfer between two coupled half-cells. The measured potential corresponds to the difference of the electron energy. The arbitrary definition of a reference electrode raises the question of whether the electrochemical potential scale can be correlated with energy scales of electrons in surface physics. If measuring work functions or electron affinities, the reference value is the free electron in vacuum. Mehl and Lohmann calculated for the electron affinity of a hydrogen electrode —4.5 eV using the following Bom-Haber process... 

The kinetic aspects of the thermal decomposition of coal to coke and volatile matter have received considerable attention (e.g., see Howard, 1981a,b Lohmann, 1996) as a result of plasticity and other physical measurements, the reactions leading to the formation of coke and volatile matter from (coking) coal have been suggested to involve a stepped sequence (see also Figure 13.2) ... 

Lohmann, T.W 1996. Modeling of reaction kinetics in coal pyrolysis. In Proceedings of the International Workshop, J. Wamatz and F. Behrendt (Eds.). Modelling of Chemical Reaction Systems. 

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