Logic states

Benioff introduced a series of Hamiltonians describing the evolution of a system consisting of spin-1/2 particles (spins up/down corresponding to binary logical states 0/1) occupying the sites of a lattice. The initial. state of the system I (t = 0) corresponds to the input state of a computation. Benioff s systems evolve, under the action of a Hamiltonian, in such a way that the quantum states (0),... 

Dynamic simulation with discrete-time events and constraints. In an effort to go beyond the integer (logical) states of process variables and include quantitative descriptions of temporal profiles of process variables one must develop robust numerical algorithms for the simulation of dynamic systems in the presence of discrete-time events. Research in this area is presently in full bloom and the results would significantly expand the capabilities of the approaches, discussed in this chapter. 

One can as well obtain these situations using the computer programs elaborated by Van Ham and Dehoeck,32 which identify a trajectory as a cycle when they find a logical state already found with exactly the same quantitative situation of the delays. 

One of the most significant features of software is branching — its ability to execute alternative series of instructions based on different logic states and/or inputs. This feature contributes heavily to another characteristic of software its complexity. Even short programs can be very complex. Comprehensive testing is seldom practical, and latent defects may remain hidden within unexercised and untested software pathways. Quality management practices are therefore essential to ensure with sufficient confidence that software is fit for purpose. 

Molconn-Z Molconn-Z (http //www.edusoft-lc.com/molconn/) is commercial software that calculates molecular connectivity, shape, and information indexes such as molecular connectivity chi indexes, kappa shape indexes, electrotopo-logical state indexes, molecular connectivity difference chi indexes, topological indexes, counts of subgraphs, and vertex eccentricities [82], The software is available for multiple platforms, which include UNIX/LINUX, Windows, and Mac OS-X. 

The appropriate technique is the following. First, one encodes the original information a 10) + 6 1) on the two logical states 0/,) = 000) and 1 l) = 111) of a three qubit system. This is simply achieved by adding two physical qubits, initially prepared in the state 0), and by applying some well-chosen unitary transformation C to the compound system of three qubits this operation yields the state a 0/,) I 6 1/,) which is then submitted to the action of the noisy channel. Each of the three physical qubits of the system is likely to independently undergo a bit flip (with probability p). At the end of the channel, one performs the measurement associated with the four projectors... 

M. Ostrow, E. Menzel, E. Postulka, S. Gorlich, E. Kubalek, IC-Internal Electron Beam Logic State Analysis , SEM/1982/II, p. 563-572. 

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