Location risk

As long as there are no official values in Germany the author proposes to use the individual risk value (location risk) of the Netherlands, i.e. 10 a , and for the societal risk the limits applied in Switzerland (Zurich). The latter were used as well by the German Major Accident Commission in its expert opinion on the extension of the Frankfurt Airport [34]. 

In addition to indicating numerical values pictorial representations of risk are used. By way of example Fig. 8.5 shows the location risk as lines on a map. These lines around the investigated plant are lines of equal risk, the so-called iso-risk contours. 

Accounting for all damaging phenomena we obtain the location risk in the vicinity of the pipeline and the pressure reducing and measuring station. This risk is equal to the individual risk if a person stays for 24 h at that location. The risk is shown in... 

The calculated risk falls below the risk value applicable for death in the Netherlands for the individual risk at a distance of 8-9 m. This value is 1.0 X 10 a and applies for a duration of stay of 24 h (in reality it is therefore a location risk limit). The short range of 8-9 m justifies the choice of a pipe section of 10 m length initially made. 

Fig. 10.48 Location risk for death as a function of distance from the source of the risk...

The closest point to the tank outside the premises of the plant hes at a distance of 200 m. Taking into consideration further industrial risks at that point the tolerable location risk from overfilling should have a maximum value of H ax = 10-" a-1. 

In the first place the location risk is determined. If the operation level and safety shutofif fail a continuous release of a flammable material (petrol) is to be expected. Scenarios according to Fig. 11.6 are then conceivable. 

Fig. 11.11 Distance-dependent location risk for death and limit value...

In several countries point values are used as quantitative risk or safety targets (vid. Chap. 8). However, there is no agreement on which requirements are to be made. This becomes evident, for example, from the criteria for the individual risk, which have been set in different countries, and the question of whether the duration of exposure of a person should be accounted for or the location risk should be used instead. In addition, it must be borne in mind that risk limits have always to be... 

Type of plant Typical hazardous materials Distance in m Location risk in 10 a Distance in m Location risk in 10 a ... 

Fig. 12.3 Location risk as a function of the distance from an existing plant (including...

The calculation results in a distance of 700 m giving a location risk of 3.7 X 10 a . This distance to residential areas exists in reality so that the plant site complies with the criterion. The location risk as a function of the distance from... 

Figure 12.4 shows the location risk for the plant as a function of distance for the case of upgrading, which leads to a recommended appropriate distance of 150 m... 

The industrial use of an area of 160,000 vc is to be planned. The distance from residential areas is 500 m. The objective is to assess the location risk. By way of example the following installations are planned on the area (the plant classification stems from [16]) ... 

The total risk (sum of the location risks from aU production plants and storages) amounts to 1.6 x 10 a . This would require a larger distance according to the... 

Fig. 12.6 Planning of a fictitious area for process plants with indication of the location risk (annual expected frequency of death for a person staying at a distance of 500 m for 24 h)...

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