Local gastrointestinal delivery

A vaginal suppository based on bromocriptine was employed for the therapy of hyperprolactinemia [32]. The rationale of the local vaginal delivery of bromocriptine lies in the noteworthy side effects consequent to oral therapy gastrointestinal disorders, extensive hepatic degradation, and hypotension. The pessary based on bromocriptine proved to be effective in lowering serum prolactin to normal levels after 20 days of local therapy the treatment was well tolerated by the majority of the patients and a minimal vaginal irritation was observed. 

Methotrexate (MTX), a folate antagonist, enjoys limited efficacy against brain tumors due to BBB impermeability and systemic toxicities including myelosuppression and gastrointestinal necrosis (126). Though cisternal or intraventricular MTX infusion offered poor drug dissemination (19,146), broad parenchymal distribution with direct MTX injection (147) suggested promise for local MTX delivery. 

The simplest tablet formulations are uncoated products that are made by direct compression or compression following wet or dry granulation. They are a versatile drug delivery system and can be intended for local action in the gastrointestinal... 

The transdermal route provides an alternative route to oral administration. Drugs delivered by this route avoid digestion in the gastrointestinal tract (GI), local metabolism related to the GI route, and hepatic first pass metabolism. It can provide controlled drug delivery with the possibility of zero order (continuous) release. Thus, it is most suitable for short half-life therapeutic agents and drugs with narrow therapeutic windows. The use of transdermal patches is more... 

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