Liver Large Intestine

Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic rhizopod that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas. It can cause intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. It is transmitted orally by ingestion of cysts that develop into trophozoites in the large intestine. Amebic trophozoites release several cytolytic factors, e.g. amoe-bapore, which enable the parasite to invade tissue. In intestinal amoebiasis, E. histolyticatrophozoites invade the intestinal mucosa, causing a form of ulcerative colitis with bloody and mucous diarrhoea. Extraintestinal manifestation of amebiasis results in abscess formation, usually in the liver but sometimes in the brain. 

Tissue-Specific Expression. In adult rodents, PPAR.a is expressed in liver, kidney, intestine, heart, skeletal muscle, retina, adrenal gland, and pancreas. In adult human, PPARa is expressed in the liver, heart, kidney, large intestine, skeletal muscle (mostly slow-twitch oxidative type I fibers), and in cells of atherosclerotic lesions (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and monocytes/macrophages). Therefore, regardless of... 

To date, there is very little known about if and how phytochemicals modulate the metabolism of GIT tissues other than the liver. Of particular interest are the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes of the GIT, which are involved with transformation of drugs and toxins. Whereas the metabolic activities of the resident microflora dominate in the large intestine, mucosal enzyme activities are more important in the small intestine where bacterial densities are lower and the villi and microvilli increase the area of exposure. 

Blood flowing from the intestines to the liver through the hepatic portal vein often contains bacteria. Filtration of this blood is a protective function provided by the liver. Large phagocytic macrophages, referred to as Kupffer cells, line the hepatic venous sinuses. As the blood flows through these sinuses, bacteria are rapidly taken up and digested by the Kupffer cells. This system is very efficient and removes more than 99% of the bacteria from the hepatic portal blood. 

Mouse IP injection 71 anemia, ulceration of the large intestine, adiposis, micronecrosis and cirrhosis of the liver 4/40 Yes, No number ... 

Fed 1080-poisoned ground squirrels (Spermophylus sp.) that contained 0.01-0.09 mg fluoroacetate/kg FW Maximum residues in dead coyotes, in mg 1080/kg FW, were 0.14 in large intestine, 0.09 in kidney, 0.07 in brain, 0.05 in stomach, and 0.03 in liver 17... 

The lARC has classified nitrogen mustard HN-2 as probably carcinogenic to humans based on evidence that it causes leukemia in humans and cancers of the lung, liver, uterus, and large intestine in animals. ... 

Herbs that activate Qi movement in the Stomach, Large Intestine and Liver are selected. Herbs that regulate the blood, clear heat, remove phlegm, soothe the Stomach-Qi and tonify the weakness of Qi, blood, Yin or Yang can be added if these disorders are present. 

Lu Hui is very bitter and cold, and enters the Liver, Heart, Stomach and Large Intestine meridians. It is a very strong herb to purge the bowels and reduce excess heat. It directly drains Liver-fire and Heart-fire. It is selected when the heat of Heart and Liver affects the Stomach and Large Intestine. 

Mu Xiang is aromatic, pungent, bitter and warm, and has a drying nature. It can effectively move the Qi and reduce pain due to Qi stagnation. As it also enters the Liver meridian, it is particularly suitable for use in conditions where the Liver-Qi attacks the Spleen, Stomach and Large Intestine. 

Mu Xiang enters the Liver, Spleen, Stomach and Large Intestine meridians, and can effectively release pain in the hypochondriac region and in the whole abdomen, especially when distension and irregular bowel movement exist. 

These herbs are all pungent and warm. They can effectively promote the Qi movement to enhance the ability of the chief herbs in eliminating dampness. Chen Pi principally regulates the Qi in the Middle-Jiao Mu Xiang regulates the Qi of the Liver and Large Intestine Sha Ren regulates the Spleen and intestines Da Fu Pi moves both Qi and water in the entire abdomen. 

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