Liver and activation-regulated chemokine,

Fig. 2. Oligomerization of CC chemokines. (A) Dimeric form of CCL4 (MIP-ip). (B) Tetrameric form of CCL2 (MCP-1) highlighting both CC dimerization (left) and CXC dimerization (right). (C) CCL20 forms liver and activation regulated chemokine (LARC) a CXC dimer.

Hieshima, K., Imai, T., Opdenakker, G., VanDamme, J., Kusuda, J., Tei, H., Sakaki, Y., Takatsuki, K., Miura, R., Yoshie, O., and Nomiyama, H. (1997b). Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC) expressed in liver. J. Biol. Chem. Ill, 5846-5853. 

Nakayama T, Fujisawa R, Yamada H, Horikawa T, Kawasaki H, Hieshima K, Izawa D, Fujiie S, Tezuka T, Yoshie O Inducible expression of a CC chemokine liver- and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC)/macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3 alpha/CCL20 by epidermal ker-atinocytes and its role in atopic dermatitis. Int Immunol 2001 13 95-103. 

MIP-4, a CC chemokine known originally referred to as DC-CK-1 (dendritic cell chemokine-1) and PARC (pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine) (35,36), is an 89 amino acid protein with a signal peptide of 21 amino acids. MIP-4 mRNA is expressed by dendritic cells, alveolar macrophages, and cultured human monocytes (35,36a). Northern blot analysis shows that it is expressed in lung, thymus, lymph nodes, bone marrow, lung and placenta but not in heart, skeletal muscle, liver, brain, kidney, pancreas, spleen, prostate gland, testes, ovary, small intestine, colon, or peripheral blood (35,36). 

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