Little, Royal

Ill 1759 Smeaton presented to the Royal Society a paper entitled An Experimental Enquiry concerning the natural Power of Water and Wind to turn mills, and other machines, depending on a circular motion. This paper was the result of a series of experiments carried out in 1752 and 1753, Smeaton having delayed its publication until he had put his deductions into practice. At the time there was a lively debate as to the merits of undershot and overshot waterwheels, but little published data to substantiate various claims. Smeaton s solution to this problem depended solely on experiments made with working... 

Photo-de-diazoniation has found relatively little application in organic synthesis, as is clearly evident from the annual Specialist Periodical Reports on Photochemistry published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. Since the beginning of these reports (1970) they have contained a section on the elimination of nitrogen from diazo compounds, written since 1973 by Reid (1990). In the 1980s (including 1990), at least 90% of each report is concerned with dediazoniations of diazoalkanes and non-quinon-oid diazo ketones, the rest being mainly related to quinone diazides and only occasionally to arenediazonium salts. 

Many efforts have been made to solve these equations analytically, but so far they have all been unsuccessful, and little has been published regarding them. Some unsatisfactory work has been reported by Alexandrow (28). Very recently a short report of a paper read by Wilson before the Royal Society has appeared (29). It is probable, in view of the vigor with which it is being attacked, that the problem will be solved completely before very long. 

For soiled goods The man who would marry a royal castoff is not a husband I could esteem. I may have little enough of the world s wealth, but I have my good name, my honor as a woman. And I have Sir John s good name too. He was a worthy knight. How could I do such dishonor to him I tell you, Father, I would rather marry a plowman honestly than be a king s mistress. ... 

Madame, I see no lack of ceremony in such royal discretion. I pray you excuse my directness, but I have little time and must... 

The language used will be the Queen s English or that subset of it as approved by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). Where chemical names are concerned there are some lost causes, such as caustic soda, where little would be gained if those who clean factories called this substance sodium hydroxide. Arguably, the name caustic soda conveys more useful information. Similar lost causes are spirits of wine (ethyl alcohol or ethanol) and spirits of salts (hydrochloric acid). While lipid chemists may insist on referring to triacylglycerols many people in industry continue to refer to triglycerides. Similarly trivial names for fatty acids such as lauric will continue to be used. The principle in all of this is to use the proper name but to mention other names that are in common use. 

One of the best books on the topic is Green Chemistry An Introductory Text by M. Lancaster, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2002. Its treatment is thorough, but not always in great depth. It is clearly aimed at the complete novice. Chapter 5 of Pollution, Causes, Effects and Control (fourth edition), edited by Roy M. Harrison, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001, describes the material in a little more depth do not be confused by the careless title of the book Basic Water Treatment by C. Binnie, M. Kimber and G. Smethurst, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2002, which is neither an elementary text nor a treatise on treating alkaline water. 

The little bit that came, said Cronstedt, lie handed over to Scheffer, who, driven by his customary zeal, soon solved the mystery of its nature, and showed in a paper that it was a peculiar metal, different from all others, almost infusible when alone, just as noble as gold, and less pliable. He anticipated Mr. Lewis, who made experiments on a greater quantity of it and later published the results of them in the Transactions of the British Scientific Society [Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (67)], but during the investigation neither was aware of the other s manipulations and conclusions, wherefore each of them established a special property in addition to what they in all other respects found to be identical. 

The Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences, the Royal Academy of Engineering Sciences, and other professional organizations scathingly criticized the committee s 1997 report Towards a Sustainable Chemicals Policy.7 Expert criticism meant little to the Minister of Environment at that time (now Minister of Foreign Affairs), Anna Lindh, who, in the case of the alleged dangerous properties of PVC, declared that she had more confidence in Greenpeace than in the Academy of Sciences. 

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