Lithium rechargeable batteries discharge performance

Initial measurements carried out on PEO-alkali metal salt complexes indicated that the observed conductivities were mostly ionic with little contribution from electrons. It should be noted that the ideal electrolyte for lithium rechargeable batteries is a purely ionic conductor and, furthermore, should only conduct lithium ions. Contributions to the conductivity from electrons reduces the battery performance and causes self-discharge on storage. Salts with large bulky anions are used in order to reduce ion mobility, since contributions to the conductivity from anions produces a concentration gradient that adds an additional component to the resistance of the electrolyte. 

The mass of lithium ion batteries allows the automotive chemist and design engineers to decrease the mass of the overall vehicle as well as increase the performance of the vehicle. They are much lighter than other rechargeable battery designs. Lithium ions are also a wise choice for automotive use because self-discharge is very low (5% per month vs. 30% for nickel-metal hydride [NiMH] batteries). 

Gao J, Lowe MA, Kiya Y, Abmna HD (2011) Effects of liquid electrolytes on the charge-discharge performance of rechargeable lithium/sulfur batteries electrochemical and in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies. J Phys Chem C 115 25132-25137... 

Imanishi and co-workers of Mie University, Japan, [68] have examined the charge discharge performance of an aqueous lithium-air cell with 0-LATP and saturated LiOH with 10 M LiCl aqueous solution with a third electrode for the OER, as proposed by Stevens [50]. Rechargeable hthium-air batteries require a bi-functional air electrode for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the OER. When an air electrode is used for the OER, it is exposed to a highly corrosive potential. Arai et al. [69] examined a high surface area carbon black (Ketjen black KB) electrode for the ORR and OER in aqueous 8 M KOH and observed electrode deterioration during the OER, which they claimed was due to a loss of the electrochemicaUy active surface... 

Early publications describe rechargeable batteries made from iodine doped PT combined with zinc or lithium electrodes for the construction of primary and secondary electrochemical cells PT samples has been named to be prepared chemically or -leading to better performances - electrochemically [76-78]. Further studies have confirmed high voltage and good energy density of PT in electrochemical cells, but on the other hand the self-discharging properties as a serious problem for the technical application of this material was also named [79-83]. Battery assemblies with PT as... 

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