Lithium hydrogen sulfide

Anhydrous hydrogen sulfide, 23 635 Anhydrous iron(II) acetate, 14 532 Anhydrous lactic acid, 14 115 Anhydrous lead acetate, 14 792-793 Anhydrous lithium hydroxide, 15 141 Anhydrous magnesium acetate, 15 381-384... 

Lithium aluminum hydride reduced )J-azidoethylbenzene to j8-aminoethyl-benzene in 89% yield [600], The azido group was also reduced with aluminum amalgam (yields 71-86%) [149], with titanium trichloride (yields 54-83%) [601], with vanadous chloride (yields 70-95%) [217] Procedure 40, p. 215), with hydrogen sulfide (yield 90%) [247], with sodium hydrosulfite (yield 90%) [259], with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid (yields 84-97%) [232], and with 1,3-propanedithiol (yields 84-100%) [602]. Unsaturated azides were reduced to unsaturated amines with aluminum amalgam [149] and with 1,3-propane-dithiol [602]. 

Lithium aluminum hydride reduced p-benzoquinone to hydroquinone (yield 70%) [576] and anthraquinone to anthrahydroquinone in 95% yield [576]. Tin reduced p-benzoquinone to hydroquinone in 88% yield [174] Procedure 35, p. 214). Stannous chloride converted tetrahydroxy-p-benzoquinone to hexa-hydroxybenzene in 70-77% yield [929], and 1,4-naphthoquinone to 1,4-di-hydroxynaphthalene in 96% yield [180]. Other reagents suitable for reduction of quinones are titanium trichloride [930], chromous chloride [187], hydrogen sulfide [248], sulfur dioxide [250] and others. Yields are usually good to excellent. Some of the reagents reduce the quinones selectively in the presence of other reducible functions. Thus hydrogen sulfide converted 2,7-dinitro-phenanthrene quinone to 9,10-dihydroxy-2,7-dinitrophenanthrene in 90% yield [248]. 

The reduction of dihydro-1,4-thiazines to tetrahydro forms is achieved by the action of a variety of reagents including formic acid, hydrogen sulfide, sodium borohydride and lithium aluminum hydride. The last is particularly useful for the reduction of carbonyl derivatives, although in the case of the amide (105) only partial reduction is effected, leading in due course to the thiazine (106), the hydroxyethyl side chain of which then cyclizes to position 5 of the ring to yield the bicyclic product (107 Scheme 45) (66CPB742). 

Using the periodic table if necessary, write formulas for the following compounds (a) hydrogen sulfide, (b) barium chloride, (c) ammonium phosphate, (d) aluminum sulfate, (e) calcium bromide, (f) lithium sulfide, and (g) sodium fiuoride. 

This reaction has found little application to mercaptan syntheses since the mercaptans are usually as readily available (by other methods) as the disulfides. The S-S linkage is reduced by zinc in acetic or sulfuric " acid, lithium aluminum hydride, or metallic sodium. y-Hydroxy-propyl disulfide is reduced electrolytically in 70% yield. Reduction by sodium disulfide does not reduce the nitro group in the preparation of p-nitrothiophenol (65%), whereas zinc and acetic acid converts o-nitro-phenyl disulfide to o-aminothiophenol (90%). Disulfides made by the action of ammonium hydrogen sulfide on aldehydes are sources for difficultly available aromatic and heterocyclic mercaptans. The disulfides are reduced by aluminum amalgam and water. ... 

KH2O0.5S potassium hydrogen sulfide hemihydrate 25.00 1.7000 1 2277 LiOH lithium hydroxide 1310-65-2 25.00 1.4500 ... 

Additions of the Michael type of nucleophiles to the carbon-carbon double bond of thiete 1,1-dioxides to give 3-substituted thietane 1,1-dioxides occur readily. The addition of hydrogen has been discussed in Section A. Nucleophiles include cyanide, the anion of nitroethane, the lithium salt of r-butyl o-tolyl sulfone, dimethylamine, cyclohexylamine, ethoxide, and hydrogen sulfide. The reaction is exemplified by the synthesis of 278. Additions to 3-chloro-2H-thiete 1,1-dioxide most likely proceed by an addition-elimination mechanism an example is shown for the addition of the anion of dimethylmalonate to give 279. The replacement of a 3-morpholinyl group by a 3-A methyl-A-phenylamino group in thiete 1,1-dioxide is another example of addition-elimination. An addition of ethoxide with elimination of p-nitrophenyl anion may occur with 268 (Ar = / -N02C6H4). " Addition of bromine via N-bromo-succinimide to the double bond of 4-phenyl-2H-thiete 1,1-dioxide occurs only in 1.5% yield. ... 

A gas-producing reaction occurs when you mix hydroiodic acid (HI) with an aqueous solution of lithium sulfide. Bubbles of hydrogen sulfide gas form in the container during the reaction. Lithium iodide is also produced in this reaction and remains dissolved in the solution. 

In the molten carbonate process a molten eutectic mixture of lithium, sodium, and potassium carbonates removes sulfur oxides from power plant stack gases. The resulting molten solution of alkali metal sulfites, sulfates, and unreacted car bonate is regenerated in a two-step process to the alkali carbonate for recycling. Hydrogen sulfide, which is evolved in the regeneration step, is converted to sulfur in a conventional Claus plant. A 10 MW pilot plant of the process has been constructed at the Consolidated Edison Arthur KiU Station on Staten Island, and startup is underway. 

Silastannathianes containing the unit SiSSn can be prepared from the reaction of a mixture of tin halide and silicon halide with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of an amine, and the corresponding selenium and tellurium compounds from a similar reaction using lithium selenide or lithium telluride.14... 

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