Liquid multiphasic systems, transition

For the analysis heat and mass transfer in concrete samples at high temperatures, the numerical model has been developed. It describes concrete, as a porous multiphase system which at local level is in thermodynamic balance with body interstice, filled by liquid water and gas phase. The model allows researching the dynamic characteristics of diffusion in view of concrete matrix phase transitions, which was usually described by means of experiments. 

A further possibility is the formation of liquid crystals on contact with body fluids at the site of application. The initially applied drug solution interacts with body fluids such as plasma, tears, or skin lipids and undergoes a phase transition into a mono-or multiphasic system of liquid crystals (Fig. 15). For example, oily solutions of reverse micellar solutions of phospholipids, which solubilize additional drug, trans-... 

Apart from acidic catalysis, ionic liquids have been intensively tested in the last two decades for the immobilisation of homogeneously dissolved transition metal catalysts. Successful catalyst immobilisation techniques are essential for industrial homogeneous catalysis to solve the problem of catalyst/product separation and to recover and recycle the often very expensive dissolved transition metal complexes. Different immobilisation concepts applying ionic liquids have been developed, including the use of organic-ionic liquid multiphase reaction systems and the use of SILP catalysis. These concepts will be described in the following sections. 

Gas Chromatography. The retention volume of a volatile material on a gas chromatography column is determined by the interaction of the sample with the liquid phase of the column. If the column material is a polymer then a study of the elution behaviour of simple molecules provides information about the physical state of the polymer and about its interactions with the probe molecule. This inverse g.l.c. technique has been much studied and reviewed. The use of inverse g.l.c. to determine crystallinity is based on the insolubility of probe molecules in the crystal phase of a polymer and Braun and Guillet, have discussed sources of error due to non-ideality of solution of the probe molecule. Schneider and Calugaru have used inverse g.l.c. to study phase transitions in polyfethylene terephthalate) and Deshpande and Tyagi report similar studies on polyfvinyl acetate). In recent years there has been some interest in multiphase copolymer systems. Ito et report work on styrene-THF copolymers and Dincer and... 

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