Liquid metals high-alloy steels

This process, also termed rapid spinning cup (RSC) process, was invented in the early 1980 s contemporarily by Osaka University in Japan[191] and Battelle s Columbus Division in the US)192 Unlike water atomization where water streams or droplets are used to disintegrate a molten metal, a coherent fast-moving liquid layer is used in the RSC process. Liquid quenchants include water, oil, glycerine, and other commercial quenching liquids. The materials atomized with the spinning cup method include a wide variety of metals and alloys such as tin, lead, aluminum alloys, copper alloys, iron alloys (stainless steels and high speed tool steels), zinc alloys and superalloys.[192]... 

Lithium-Structure Compatibility. One of the critical chemistry problems of HYLIFE is the compatibility of structural alloys with the molten liquid of the jet array. Two candidate liquid metals are lithium and Pbg3Lij 7. High-Z metal (such as lead from target debris) will enter the liquid metal and may affect the compatibility. The structural alloy selected in the HYLIFE study is Cr-1 Mo, a ferritic steel. The carbides usually present in this steel are M3C (cementite) and M2C, where M is primarily Fe. Both of these carbides are unstable in lithium. M3C is usually present as platelets within pearlite, the eutectoid structure in pearlitic steel. The most common microstructure for the 2 4 Cr-1 Mo steel is large grains of ferrite with small islands of pearlite. M2C is present as a fine spray of precipitate within large ferrite grains. Lithium... 

Their use in the laboratory is well known. Very pure iron (e.g., carbonyl iron) and pure nickel, and sometimes also high-grade alloy steels, serve as crucible and boat materials. In particular, they are resistant to liquid and gaseous alkali and alkaline earth metals at high temperatures. 

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