Liquid membrane system classification

Table 16.1. Classification of membrane separation processes for liquid systems...

Industrial membrane processes may be classified according to the size range of materials that they are to separate and the driving force used in separation. There is always a degree of arbitrariness about such classifications, and the distinctions that are typically drawn. Table 16.1 presents classification of membrane separation processes for liquid systems. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label Poison, Flammable Liquid, Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion, inhalation, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact. Human systemic effects by inhalation conjunctiva irritation and respiratory effects. Corrosive to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat sources, sparks, flame, or oxidizers. Reacts with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of CL, methyl chloroformate, and phosgene. 

Recourse to characterization of tertiary and finer sub-classification is generally unnecessary. Indeed, despite this complex frame, in the majority of the situations, drug release field deals with polymeric membranes made up of a continuous phase (usually a liquid phase) trapped in a swollen solid phase (polymeric netwoik) [4]. This stmctme can be seen as a coherent system, having mechanical characteristics in between those of solids and liquids [5]. The presence of cross-links between polymeric chains hinders polymer dissolution in the liquid phase that can only swell the network. This stmctme is roughly similm to that of sponge filled by a liquid phase. Nevertheless, this is a particulm sponge as, in... 

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