Liquid media atomic vibration

Heat can be conducted through solids, liquids, and gases. Conduction in solids is the most illustrative since it is the most common heat transfer mechanism in that type of medium. Conduction is the energy transfer between adjacent molecules or atomic particles at motion. The nature of the motion depends on the system and on the molecular and particle state. The motion can range from vibration of atoms in a crystal lattice of solids to the chaotic fluctuations of gas molecules. In metallic solids, movement of free electrons contributes to heat conduction. 

A basic requirement of burner combusting liquid fuels is a high-quality fuel atomization [9], necessary for complete evaporation and burnout in the area of the flame. If some fuel drops are not evaporated and combusted in the area of flame, concentrations of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs) in flue gas increase rapidly. For the above mentioned reason most liquid fuel burners are designed as diffusion burners with fuel atomized in the combustion chamber. The fuel atomization system itself is rather dependent on physical and chemical properties of fuel and availability of auxiliary atomizing medium. Thus there are three basic types of atomization [10] (i.e., pressure, pneumatic, and rotary atomization). Besides these, there are other, less frequent types of atomization using vibrational, acoustic, ultrasonic, and electrostatic atomizers or flash liquid atomization. 

---