Liquid green oxidants

Seddon, K.R. Stark, A. (2002) Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol and Alkylbenzenes in Ionic Liquids. Green Chemistry, 4(2), 119-123. 

Kotani, M., Koike, T., Yamaguchi, K. and Mizuno, N. (2006) Ruthenium hydroxide on magnetite as a magnetically separable heterogeneous catalyst for liquid-phase oxidation and reduction. Green Chemistry, 8 (8), 735-741. 

Lo, W.-H., Yang, H.-Y., Wei, G.-T., One-pot desulfurization of light oils by chemical oxidation and solvent extraction with room temperature ionic liquids. Green Chem., 5, 639-642, 2003. 

Namboodiri W, Varma RS, Sahle-Demessie E et al (2002) Selective oxidation of styrene to acetophenone in the presence of ionic liquids. Green Chem 4(2) 170-173... 

Abbott AP, Frisch G, Hartley J et al (2011) Processing of metals and metal oxides using ionic liquids. Green Chem 13 471 81... 

Fujita K, Nakamura N, Igarashi K, Samejima M, Ohno H (2009) Biocatalytic oxidation of ceUobiose in a hydrated ionic liquid. Green Chem 11 351-354... 

Xie Y, Zhang Z, Hu S, Song J, Li W, Han B (2008) Aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol in supercritical CO catalyzed by perruthenate immobilized on polymer supported ionic liquid. Green Chem 10 278-282... 

Resin immobilized, stable, spherical CuO nanoparticles prepared in the presence of cyclodextrins (CDs) and NaOH act as catalysts for liquid phase oxidation of various alcohols in air (Table 2.1) A major interest of this process lies with the preparation of this catalytic material under mild conditions, reusability of the catalyst, and the green chemistry approach for liquid phase alcohol. 

Zakzeski J, Jongerius AL, Weckhuysen BM (2010) Transition metal catalyzed oxidation of Alcell lignin, soda lignin, and lignin model compounds in ionic liquids. Green Chem 12 1225... 

Seddon KR, Stark A(2002) Seleetive catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol and alkylbenzenes in ionic liquids. Green Chem 4(2) 119-123... 

Oxidation is one of the most important reactions in industrial organic synthesis [1-3] and can be carried out in both gas [4] and liquid [5,6] phases. Catalytic oxidation reactions in liquid phase were achieved in conditions of catalytic [5], photocatalytic [7], electrocatalytic [8], and photoelectrocatalytic [9] processes. At the same time, the new developments in the synthesis of materials led to the discovery of a large variety of catalysts and applications, including new catalysts for the liquid-phase oxidation reactions. A special interest in this sense was addressed to green and sustainable sources of oxidation [10]. 

Liquid-phase oxidation is a green route to producing both the selective synthesis of valuable products and complete mineralization of wastes. Most of these... 

Their use has, however, an important drawback that is related to the rather low surface areas and not easy preparation methods. But the recent achievements in the synthesis of metal-modified mesoporous silicas and development of new methods for the synthesis of oxides with higher surface areas diversified the number of catalysts and applications of mixed oxides as catalysts in liquid-phase oxidations. The performances recently reported opened new perspectives for the green and sustainable oxidation using such materials and extended the interest for the application of these reactions in industrial organic synthesis and water decontamination. Furthermore, coupling the photooxidation with Fenton and ozonation processes provides extremely attractive techniques in advanced oxidation processes for eliminating organic contaminants in wastewaters. 

Fujita, K., Nakamura, N., Igarashi, K., Samejima, M. Ohno, H. (2009). Biocatalytic oxidation of cellobiose in an hydrated ionic liquid. Green Chem. 11 351-354. 

Seddon, K.R. Stark, A. (2002) Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol and Alkylbenzenes in Ionic Liquid, Green Chem., 4, pp. 119-123 Seddon, K.R., Stark, A. Torres, M.J. (2002). Viscosity and Density of l-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ionic Liquids, ACS Symposium Series 819, In Clean Solvents ... 

Wang, Y. Maksimuk, S. Shen, R. Yang, H. (2007). Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using a freshly-made or recycled imidazolium-based ionic liquid. Green Chemistry, Vol.9, No.lO, pp. 1051-1056, ISSN 1463-9262... 

Zhang, J. Zhu, W. Li, H. Jiang, L. Jiang, Y. Huang, W. Yan, Y. (2009). Deep oxidative desulfurization of fuels by Fenton-like reagent in ionic liquids. Green Chem., 11, 1801-1807, ISSN 1463-9270. 

Chlorine dioxide is a yellow-green gas and soluble in water at room temperature to about 2.9 g/1 chlorine dioxide (at 30 mm mercury partial pressure) or more than 10 g/1 in chilled water. The boiling point of liquid chlorine dioxide is 11° C the melting point is - 59° C. Chlorine dioxide gas has a specific gravity of 2.4. The oxidant is used in a water solution and is five times more soluble in water than... 

The commonest form of phosphorus, and the one which is usually formed by condensation from the gaseous or liquid states, is the waxy, cubic, white form o -P4 (d 1.8232 gcm at 20°C). This, paradoxically, is also the most volatile and reactive solid form and thermodynamically the least stable. It is the slow phosphorescent oxidation of the vapour above these crystals that gives white phosphorus its most characteristic property. Indeed, the emission of yellow-green light from the oxidation of P4 is one of the earliest recorded examples of chemiluminescence, though the details of the reaction... 

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