Liquid dynamic viscosity

The liquid dynamic viscosities at 100°F and 210°F are used to characterize petroleum fractions, notably the heavy fractions. 

Calculate the available net positive section head NPSH in a pumping system if the liquid density p = 1200 kg/m3, the liquid dynamic viscosity p = 0.4 Pa s, the mean velocity u = 1 m/s, the static head on the suction side 2, = 3m, the inside pipe diameter di = 0.0526 m, the gravitational acceleration g = 9.81 m/s2, and the equivalent length on the suction side SLes = 5.0 m. 

A centrifugal pump is used to pump a liquid in steady turbulent flow through a smooth pipe from one tank to another. Develop an expression for the system total head A/t in terms of the static heads on the discharge and suction sides zd and zs respectively, the gas pressures above the tanks on the discharge and suction sides Pd and Ps respectively, the liquid density p, the liquid dynamic viscosity p, the gravitational acceleration g, the total equivalent lengths on... 

In Figure 3.48, the effect of particle size, liquid density, and liquid dynamic viscosity on wetting efficiency is presented. It is evident that by increasing particle size and liquid density, and decreasing liquid dynamic viscosity, the wetting efficiency is decreased. 

Figure 3.48 The effect of particle size, liquid density, and liquid dynamic viscosity on wetting efficiency.

H is the liquid dynamic viscosity N is the agitator speed Da is the agitator diameter... 

Spray Correlations. One of the most important aspects of spray characterization is the development of meaningful correlations between spray parameters and atomizer performance. The parameters can be presented as mathematical expressions that involve liquid properties, physical dimensions of the atomizer, as well as operating and ambient conditions that are likely to affect the nature of the dispersion. Empirical correlations provide useful information for designing and assessing the performance of atomizers. Dimensional analysis has been widely used to determine nondimensional parameters that are useful in describing sprays. The most common variables affecting spray characteristics indude a characteristic dimension of atomizer, d liquid density, pjj liquid dynamic viscosity, ljj surface tension, <3 pressure, AP liquid velocity, V gas density, pc and gas velocity, V. ... 

In equation 3, p stands for water density, pi for liquid dynamic viscosity and for relative conductivity. The liquid conductivity is associated to darcean liquid flow, in water mass conservation equation. This term is non-linear because water relative conductivity depends on capillary pressure, which is the main variable associated with water mass conservation equation. Furthermore it is coupled to thermal effects because liquid dynamic viscosity depends on temperature, which is the main variable associated with energy conservation equation. 

Com " ), the thermal source is not activated only the hydro-mechanical couplings are present. In the second calculation (Cim ), the source is activated but the liquid dynamic viscosity is taken as a constant. Finally, in the third calculation (Cim ), the heat source is activated and the liquid dynamic viscosity depends on temperature. 

Furthermore, according to water mass conservation equation, porosity does not affect liquid fluxes ratio. Therefore, darcean liquid flow still governs saturation kinetics. As can be seen on table 2, Qm" and Cim" calculations give the same saturation time, whereas in Cim" the saturation phenomenon is accelerated. As for thermal-hydraulics calculations, full saturation of the EB is reached earlier when both the heating source is being activated and liquid dynamics viscosity depends on temperature. Once again, this acceleration is only due to water dynamic viscosity decrease while heating. 

The first step in doing so is to determine the basic important variables. They can be divided into three categories. The first group contains the liquid-related parameters and includes the jet velocity, mj, liquid density, pj, liquid surface tension, a, and liquid dynamic viscosity, pj. The second group contains the gas phase parameters and includes p, Ug,iig, which are the gas density, velocity, and viscosity, respectively. And finally, the third group contains the geometrical parameters for a single jet injected perpendicular to the gas phase, the only parameter of this type is the nozzle diameter, d. 

Liquid dynamic viscosity specific cellular growth rate (Pa-s s )... 

For a typical impact situation, the Reynolds (Re) and Weber (We) numbers, that compare inertia forces to, respectively, viscosity and capillary forces, can be estimated as Re = pUa/t]i lO -lO and We = pU a/yiy 10 -10 , where U is the impact velocity and a the size of the solid object (we recall that ryt and yiy stand, respectively, for the liquid dynamic viscosity and the liquid-vapor surface... 

Fig. 6.8 Location of the triple point in dependence of the liquid dynamic viscosity for circles sucrose, triangles K17, stars K30 with respect to the collision velocity (left) and the impact parameter (right) (Kuschel and Sommeifeld [9])...

To better understand the origin of the oscillations of the shear-thinning droplets and the equivalent Ohnesorge number, the spatial distribution of the viscosity is analyzed. Figure 17.22 shows the magnitude of the velocity field together with the orientation of the velocity vectors in this plane scaled by the magnitude and Fig. 17.23 shows the shear rate distribution and the liquid dynamic viscosity. 

From system of the equations of motion of a corpuscle follows that its path depends on following factors —diameter of corpuscles (drops d — corpuscle density (liquids/),) —dynamic viscosity of gas (a liquid/, ) ... 

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