Liquid chromatography-mass nanospray

Lu, C.Y. and Feng, C.H. Micro-scale analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotics in human plasma by capillary liquid chromatography and nanospray tandem mass spectrometry with column switching. J. Chrvmatogr. A. 2007, 1156, 249-253. 

Valaskovic, G.A. et al., Ultra-low flow nanospray for the normalization of conventional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry through equimolar response Standard-free quantitative estimation of metabolite levels in drug discovery, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 20, 1087, 2006. 

Ramanathan, R., Zhong, R., Blumenkrantz, N., Chowdhury, S. K., and Alton, K. B. (2007c). Response normalized liquid chromatography nanospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass. Spectrom. 18 1891-1899. 

Gatlin, C. L. Kleemann, G. R. Hays, L. G. Link, A. J. Yates, J. R. 1998. Protein identification at the low femtomole level from silver-stained gels using a fritless electrospray interface for liquid chromatography-microspray and nanospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem., 263, 93-101. 

Shen, R. F. (2003). Global protein identification and quantification technology using two-dimensional liquid chromatography nanospray mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 75, 6658-6665. 

Gatlin, C.L. Kleeman, G.R. Hays, L.G. Link, A.J. Yates, J.R. Protein Identification at the Low Femtomole Level from Silver-Stained Gels Using a New Fritless Electrospray Interface for Liquid Chromatography-Microspray and Nanospray Mass Spectrometry, Anal. Biochem. 263,93-101 (1998). 

Xie et al. [5] used vapor-deposited parylene-C to fabricate ESI tips on silicon microfluidic devices, enabling integrated liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection with comparable performance to conventional techniques. The drawback for these devices is the complexity involved in their fabrication, requiring many sequential photolithography steps in a clean room. However, parylene is a material with high chemical resistance and may be a useful choice for the construction of nanospray tips in future work. For example, Kameoka et al. [6] constmcted a nanospray tip comprising a parylene film sandwiched between two plastic plates (Fig. 2b). This device is relatively easy to... 

One of the major attractions of ESI is its ability to serve as an interface between liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. There are currently a number of low-flow HPLC systems on the market that are compatible with electrospray, microspray, and nanospray sources. Capillary HPLC systems are interfaced with electrospray conducted in the pL/min flow regime, while nanoflow systems can accommodate nL/min flow rates. When electrospray is coupled with conventional HPLC, it is necessary to accommodate a higher sample flow rate ( 0.1—2mL/min) than normal electrospray can tolerate. To facilitate operation at these higher flow rates, a technique called pneumatically assisted electrospray or ion spray is employed, in which sample nebulization by aflow of gas is used to stimulate a more... 

---