Liquefaction effects

Uses Defoamer, leveling agent for powder coatings, syn. renderings, plasters, fillers, mortars, cements Features Liquefaction effect... 

Centrifuge Modeling of Liquefaction Effects on Shallow Foundations... 

A series of three centrifuge experiments were carried out on models similarly built and submitted to comparable earthquake simulations, to investigate the magnitude of liquefaction effects, under different conditions, and to assess the performance... 

Fig. 42 Liquefaction effects on Yodo river levee at Torishima of Osaka, 1995...

Lopez-Caballero F, Modaressi Farahmand-Razavi A (2008) Numerical simulation of liquefaction effects on seismic SSI. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 28 85-98... 

Different types of other coal liquefaction processes have been also developed to convert coals to liqnid hydrocarbon fnels. These include high-temperature solvent extraction processes in which no catalyst is added. The solvent is usually a hydroaromatic hydrogen donor, whereas molecnlar hydrogen is added as a secondary source of hydrogen. Similar but catalytic liquefaction processes use zinc chloride and other catalysts, usually under forceful conditions (375-425°C, 100-200 atm). In our own research, superacidic HF-BFo-induced hydroliquefaction of coals, which involves depolymerization-ionic hydrogenation, was found to be highly effective at relatively modest temperatnres (150-170°C). 

Gas can be condensed by (a) mechanically refrigerating it, (b) compressing and expanding it, using turboexpanders, or, (c) pressure effects such as by Joule-Thomson cooling and overcoming the vapor pressure. The liquefaction of methane can involve all three of these effects. These effects can be separately evaluated to show the effectiveness of each in producing liquid. 

Accounting of the work in the liquefaction process—effectiveness of various functions... 

We have seen that hydrogen becomes slightly warmed in this process, so that its liquefaction by free expansion would be impossible under ordinary conditions. Dewar in 1900 showed, however, that if the hydrogen was previously cooled, it suffered a further cooling on free expansion, and in this way he obtained liquid hydrogen. Olszewski (1902) found that the inversion point of hydrogen is situated at — 80 6° C. This effect of temperature is general, and implies that the ratio of the potential to the kinetic... 

There is, for every gas or vapour, a definite temperature, above which it is impossible, by increase of pressure alone, to effect a liquefaction of that gas or vapour. This is called the critical temperature (6 ). 

The kinetic behaviour of metal salts of oxyacids may be influenced by water of crystallization. Where complete-dehydration precedes decomposition, the anhydrous material is the product of a previous rate process and may have undergone recrystallization. If water is not effectively removed, there may at higher temperature be the transient formation of a melt prior to decomposition. The usual problems attend the identification of partial or transient liquefaction of the reactant in the mechanistic interpretation of kinetic data. 

Some Proved and Unproved Effects of Coal Geochemistry on Liquefaction Behavior with Emphasis on U.S. Coals... 

Coal Characteristics and Their Effects in Liquefaction Process... 

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