Liquefaction behavior

Given, P. H., Cronaucr, D. C., Spackman, W., Lovell, H. L., Davis, A., and Biswas, B., Dependence of coal liquefaction behavior on coal characteristics 1. vitrinite-rich samples. Fuel, 1975, 54, 34 39. 

In the rest of this section, coal liquefaction researchers of the United States, South Africa, Australia, Japan, Canada, and Great Britain describe their country s coal reserves and origins, and the significance of coal composition to liquefaction behavior. 

Some Proved and Unproved Effects of Coal Geochemistry on Liquefaction Behavior with Emphasis on U.S. Coals... 

A further factor is that in any one continental land mass, at any one point in time, there have been a number of different environments of deposition of peat, which may well have influenced the characteristics of the coals derived from the peats. It is not proposed to review these in any general sense, but some discussion is offered later on the possible relevance of this factor in determining the liquefaction behavior of U.S. coals. In the meantime, we summarize, for future reference, the major coalbearing areas, or provinces, of the United States in Table III. 

Experimental Studies of the Dependence of Liquefaction Behavior of U.S. Coals on Coal Characteristics... 

A statistical study of the conversion with tetralin of 68 coals (60) must now be regarded as superseded by a later, more comprehensive paper (61), but it did show very clearly that bivariate plots are of little value in interrelating liquefaction behavior with coal properties at least two or three coal properties must be taken into account in seeking to explain the variance of liquefaction behavior, and some of these properties are not related to the rank of the coal. The paper implies strongly that any interrelationships of coal characteristics must necessarily be multivariate. Hence in any study of coal a large sample and data base is essential if worthwhile generalizations are to be made. 

Thus our rather small set of samples from a few selected areas of the U.S.A. shows a dispersion of some aspects of liquefaction behavior that is evidently associated with differences in the geology and geochemistry of the sample. Still more would we expect many sets of complex interrelationships between coal characteristics to emerge had we had a sufficiently large world-wide sample base to work with. 

H. L. Coleman, M. Painter, P. C. "The Relation of Coal Characteristics to Liquefaction Behavior", Quart. Tech. Prog. Repts for period Jan.-June 1978 to U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. EX-76-C-01-2494, Rept. Nos. FE-2494-7/8, 1978. 

Whitehurst, D.D., "Relationships Between Recycle Solvent Composition and Coal Liquefaction Behavior", Proceedings of the EPRI Coal Liquefaction Contractors Meeting, Palo Alto, Calif., May 1978. 

Influence of Organic Coal Structure on Liquefaction Behavior Under Low-Severity Conditions... 

The improvement in liquefaction behavior appears to be due to loss of the carboxyl functional groups usualfy responsible for crosslinking without the associated crosslink formation. 

GARCIA SCHOBERT Liquefaction Behavior of High-Sulfur Lignites 215... 

These results, particularly the indication of a sequential mechanism involving an initial production of liquids which are subsequently hydrotreated on the molybdenum catalyst, were the experimental basis for probing further into the first step - liquids formation - with particular interest in whether the unusually high concentration of organic sulfur in the Mequinenza lignite might have some effect on the liquefaction behavior. 

The Effect of Solvent Compositions on the Liquefaction Behavior of Western Subbituminous Coal... 

The purpose of this paper is to describe some of our findings which examine the liquefaction behavior of Western sub-bituminous coal to determine which components of the solvent are most critical in the short contact time dissolution stage. The work will be presented from two points of view ... 

Using reaction severity it is now possible to compare the liquefaction behavior of different solvents. Solvents containing higher hydrogen donor concentration (92-26-019) are more effective than the hydrogen-depleted solvent (92-03-035) even at short times. The results also show that up to 55% conversion is essentially solvent independent. 

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