Lippmann, Gabriel

This equation was hrst obtained by Gabriel Lippmann in 1875. The Lippmann equation is of basic importance for electrochemistry. It shows that surface charge can be calculated thermodynamically from data obtained when measuring ESE. The values of ESE can be measured with high accuracy on liquid metals [e.g., on mercury (tf= -39°C)] and on certain alloys of mercury, gallium, and other metals that are liquid at room temperature. 

In 1873, Gabriel Lippmann (1845-1921 Nobel prize, 1908) performed extensive experiments of the electrocapiUary behavior of mercury and established his equation describing the potential dependence of the surface tension of mercury in solutions. In 1853, H. Helmholtz, analyzing electrokinetic phenomena, introduced the notion of a capacitor-like electric double layer on the surface of electrodes. These publications... 

During the four years of her student life, she lived in a chilly little attic room, carrying the coal herself up the six flights of stairs, and cooking her simple meals over an alcohol lamp. This was Marie Sklodowska s introduction to the city which became her permanent home (4, 68). When she enrolled at the Sorbonne, Henri Poincare, the famous mathematical physicist, soon recognized her ability, and Professor Gabriel Lippmann also took great interest in her research. 

Gabriel Lippmann, 1845-1921. Professor of mathematical physics at the University of Paris. Inventor of the capillary electrometer and of a process of direct color photography. The phenomenon of piezo-electricity in crystals predicted by Professor Lippmann was first demonstrated experimentally by Pierre and Jacques Curie. 

Gabriel Lippmann, 1845-1921. French physicist, Nobel Price in physics 1908. 

Charles H. Townes, Nicolay G. Basov, 1908 Gabriel Lippmann... 

Electrowetting derives its roots from early observations of electrocapiflary phenomena by Gabriel Lippmann in 1875, who noted variations in interfacial tension as an electric potential is applied between an electrol34e solution in direct contact with a metal, in this case, mercury. This culminated in the classical Lippmann equation ... 

Chapter 7, Nanomaterials Unit, Science et Analyses des Materiaux, Centre Recherche Public, Gabriel Lippmann... 

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