Lipofuscin granules

Rozanowska, M, Pawlak, A, Rozanowski, B, Skumatz, C, Zareba, M, Boulton, ME, Burke, JM, Sarna, T, and Simon, JD, 2004a. Age-related changes in the photoreactivity of retinal lipofuscin granules Role of chloroform-insoluble components. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45, 1052-1060. 

Clancy, C. M. R. Krogmeier, J. R. Pawlak, A. Rozanowska, M. Sarna, T Dunn, R. C. Simon, J. D. Atomic Force Microscopy and Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy Measurements of Single Human Retinal Lipofuscin Granules. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 12098-12101. 

Tokutake S. 1997. Accumulation of aluminum and silicon in lipofuscin granules suggests retardation of blood-brain barrier function by aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 826 510-512. 

Thorpe and Baynes352 have pointed out that, even in the absence of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, CML is found in high concentrations in lipofuscin granules in... 

Docchio, F., Boulton, M., Cubeddu, R., Ramponi, R., and Dayhaw-Barker, P. (1991) Age-related changes in the flourescence of melanin and lipofuscin granules of the retinal pigment epithelium a time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy study, Photochem. 

If a significant amount of undigestible material remains within the lysosome after the digestion process is completed, the lysosome is called a residual body. Depending on the cell type, residual bodies may be expelled (exocytosis) or remain indefinitely in the cell as lipofuscin granules that accumulate with age. 

While foetal human livers showed periportal and staining, livers of children over 6 months of age patchy mid-zone copper-associated protein and showed no copper-associated protein or lipofuscin lipofuscin granules, together with strong diffuse cy- granules, and minimal or no metallothionein im-toplasmic and nuclear metallothionein immuno- munostaining (Fuller et al. 1990). 

Gastrointestinal A 74-year-old woman developed severe melanosis coli of the whole colon after using anthraquinone laxatives over many decades [72 ]. Endoscopy showed marked black pigmentation of the colonic mucosa, which was confirmed by histology as widespread lipofuscin granulation. Several adenomatous lesions were found, although no colorectal cancer was detected. 

AGEs, CML has also been demonstrated in lipofuscin granules, the intracellular proteolipid pigment that causes of age related spots. CML is also a marker of the Maillard reaction in foods. For example, cereal (26mg/kg food) and fruit and vegetable (1.3mg/kg food) categories have the highest and lowest level of CML. 

On the other hand, aluminum staining was absent in cytoplasmic clearings themselves which were devoid of the neurofibrillaiy material. Interestingly, some of the neurons which demonstrated aluminum in the cytoplasm also showed positive blue staining of the nucleolus (p. 190). Galle et al. used an electron microprobe to examine for aluminum in their sections of cerebral tissue from aluminum-treated rats. They observed aluminum in lysosomes and lipofuscin granules containing crystals. Aluminum was not observed in any other part of the brain. 

Accumuiation of Celi Debris — Lipofuscin granules are fluorescent lipoprotein masses, appropriately called age-pigments, which tend to accumulate with advancing age, especially in postmitotic cells such as those of the brain, myocardium, skeletal muscle and adrenals. Lipofuscin pigments may be debris left over from free-radical attacks on cell components and might be an important indicator of the degree of cellular insufficiency in aging. ° However, there is as yet no direct evidence that they interfere with normal cell processes. 

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