Lipids handling

Protein handling Carbohydrate handling Lipid handling Bile and bilirubin handling Hormone inactivation Drug metabolism Immunological function... 

Table 2.5 Changes in lipid handling observed in liver disease...

Lipids present in the diet may become rancid. When fed at high (>4-6%) levels, Hpids may decrease diet acceptabiUty, increase handling problems, result in poor pellet quaUty, cause diarrhea, reduce feed intake, and decrease fiber digestion in the mmen (5). To alleviate the fiber digestion problem, calcium soaps or prilled free fatty acids have been developed to escape mminal fermentation. These fatty acids then are available for absorption from the small intestine (5). Feeding whole oilseeds also has alleviated some of the problems caused by feeding Hpids. A detailed discussion of Hpid metaboHsm by mminants can be found (16). 

LIPID SOLUTIONS. Fat solutions (emulsions) should be handled with care to decrease the risk of separation or breaking out of the oil. Separation can be identified by yellowish streaking or the accumulation of yellowish droplets in the emulsion. Fat solutions are administered to adults at a rate no greater than 1 to 2 mL/min. 

BCR RM 40 Wholemeal Wheat Flour a <0.03 w.c. = 1.70 + 0.04 %. It is important to note that this material is likely to have handling problems due to its hygroscopic behavior. The water activity is in the range where the monomolecular surface layer of water may be removed. Thus, deterioration of the lipids is hkely to occur during storage. 

This list illustrates the numerous pharmaceutical possibilities available to handle bioavailability problems caused by low solubility. This is a continuously developing area exemplified by more recent developments, such as self-emulsifying lipid systems and nanopartides. 

Identifying a specific natural source of lipids after GC/MS analysis is not always straightforward. The occurrence of mixtures, the unspecific FA composition of many lipid materials, the fact that materials may be physically handled during pretreatment before use and the deep changes induced by ageing, mean that extreme caution is required when interpreting FA profiles. 

If possible, avoid handling the ceramic shard (and especially the area to be sampled). Wear nitrile gloves or use tweezers. Washing hands before sampling will also reduce the potential of contamination by skin lipids. 

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