Halogenated lipids

This review is limited to high resolution techniques for the analysis of proteins, but the use of analytical ITP has no such limitations. Such widely differing substances as ionizable lipids, halogen ions, trace metals, drugs, organic acids, nucleotides, and proteins can be analyzed by ITP (Al, E7). However, it is perhaps in the field of protein analysis that both the greatest potential and the greatest problems lie, because of the complexity of most natural protein mixtures. 

Soon afterwards [123] the bromo- (105) and iodo- (106) analogs of chlorovulone I (100) were also isolated from C. viridis in exceptionally low yield (ca. 0.01% of lipid extract). Their structures were established principally by spectroscopic means in comparison with chlorovulone I. Both of the new compounds possess the same olefin geometries as found in clavulone I and chlorovulone I. R Stereochemistry at Cl 2 was established in 105 by comparisons of CD spectra with those of chlorovulone I (100). These new halogenated clavulones showed levels of antiproliferative activity and cytotoxicity comparable to those of chlorovulone I (100). 

Crebelli, R., Andreoli, C., Carere, A., Conti, L., Crochi, B., Cotta-Ramusino, M., Benigni, R. Toxicology of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons Structural and molecular determinants for the disturbance of chromosome segregation and the induction of lipid peroxidation. Chem. Biol. Interact. 1995, 98, 113-129. 

This analysis measures the unsaturation in a lipid system. It is based on the fact that halogens will react with aliphatic double bonds in a measurable way. Initially the sample is mixed with the Wijs solution, which contains excess iodine monochloride (IC1). The IC1 binds to the double bond(s) as follows ... 

Dembitsky VM, Srebnik M (2002) Natural Halogenated Fatty Acids Their Analogues and Derivatives. Prog Lipid Res 41 315... 

Mu H, Wesen C, Sundin P (1997) Halogenated Fatty Acids I. Formation and Occurrence in Lipids. Trends Anal Chem 16 266... 

Highly selective to halogenated and oxygenated compounds Electron capture detector EDB, DBCP (EPA 8011) Acrylamide (EPA 8032) Phenols (EPA 8041) Phthalates (EPA 8061) Organochlorine pesticides (EPA 8081) PCBs (EPA 8082) Nitroaromatics and cyclic ketones (EPA 8091) Haloethers (EPA 8111) Chlorinated herbicides (EPA 8151) CLP SOW for organic analysis Interferences from Elemental sulfur (S8) Waxes, lipids, other high molecular weight compounds Phthalate esters, which are common laboratory contaminants Oil in PCB analysis... 

Fraga CG, Leibovitz BE, Tappel AL. Halogenated compounds as inducers of lipid peroxidation in tissue slices. Free Radic Biol Med 1987 3 119-123. 

Modern inhalation anesthetics are nonexplosive agents that include the gas nitrous oxide as well as a number of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons. As a group, these agents decrease cerebrovascular resistance, resulting in increased perfusion of the brain. They cause bronchodilation and decrease minute ventilation. Their clinical potency cannot be predicted by their chemical structure, but potency does correlate with their solubility in lipid. The movement of these agents from the lungs to the different body compartments depends upon their solubility in blood and various tissues. Recovery from their effects is due to redistribution from the brain. 

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