Lipid immunological activity

In most cases, the small amount of newly synthesized glycosphingo-lipids can only be identified by the analysis of sugar composition, immunological activity, or t.l.c. mobility. These methods, however, cannot unequivocally distinguish the positional isomers. The highly... 

LPS immunotherapy was the first immunotherapy for cancers assayed in patients in spite of its toxicity. The standardisation of animal models of cancer, the discovery of the LPS composition and of lipid A activity, the discovery of lipid A structure leading to its chemical synthesis, and the synthesis of lipid A derivatives far less toxic than the natural lipids A, restarted research in this field. At the same time, advances in immunology allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of LPS and lipids A in whole organisms. 

In this respect, it is interesting to note that Brade et al. [52] found a different correlation between structure and activity for immunogenicity and antigenicity. Activity was low for isolated lipid A, but significantly higher for lipid A incorporated into the lipid matrix of phospholipid liposomes, probably because of the existence of a lamellar phase in the latter case. This can lead to an exposure of critical epitopes necessary for the manifestation of immunological activities. 

Molecular and Supramolecular Basis for the Contrasting Immunological Activities of C. jejuni and H. pylori Lipid... 

The liposome lipid composition was varied in order to get (i) a high immunological response, (ii) to increase the dose, and (iii) to increase the stability of the formulation. A complete list of all investigated liposome formulations is given in Table 1. Liposomes were made with or without active ingredients. 

In general, Astragalus saponins exert a positive and direct effect on the function of heart. Alternatively, they help to treat related diseases. For instance, they inhibit the formation of lipid peroxides in the cardiac muscle or in the liver, influence the function of enzymes contained in them, decrease blood coagulation, cholesterol and sugar levels in blood, and stimulate the immunological system. They act either direct, blocking the transfer of Ca2+ ions or modulating the function of Na+-K+-ATPase, or, alternatively, help resorb other active principles [150]. 

---