Linoleic acid gene expression effects

Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Enterocytes Effects on Prohferation, Differentiation, and Gene Expression. muBwphys Acta 1735 30—40 (2005). 

Adlof, R.O. 2003. Application of silver-ion chromatography to the separation of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. In Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Vol. 2 (J.-L. Sebedio, W.W. Christie, R.O. Adlof, eds.), pp. 37-55, AOCS Press, Champaign, IL. Ahnadi, C.E., Beswick, N., Delbecchi, L., Kennedy, J.J., Lacasse, P. 2002. Addition of fish oil to diets for dairy cows. II. Effects on milk fat and gene expression of mammary lipogenic enzymes. J. Dairy Res. 69, 521-531. 

Linoleic acid and LNA and their long-chain derivatives arc important components of animal and plant cell membranes. When humans ingest fish or fish oil, the EPA and DHA from the diet partially replace the omega-6 fatty acids, especially AA, in the membranes of probably all cells, but especially in the membranes of platelets, erythrocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and liver cells [reviewed in Simopoulos, 19911. A diet that has a high ratio of omega-6 omega-3 fatty acids has detrimental effects on eicosanoid metabolism and gene expression. 

Fig. 12. Panel A Inhibitory effects of various polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-lc promoter activity. EtOH, ethanol SA, saturated fatty acid OL, oleic acid LA, linoleic acid DHA, docosa-hexaenoic acid EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid AA, arachidonic acid. Panel B Mechanism by which polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress the SREBP-1 c promoter activity, through an effect on the liver X receptor (LXR)/9-c/s-retinoic acid receptor (RXR) activation pathway [redrawn from Yoshikawa etal. (129), reproduced with permission]. PUFA competitively interfere with binding of the endogenous ligand (possibly oxysterols) to LXR, thereby repressing LXR/RXR transactivity and SREBP-lc and lipogenic gene expression. Meanwhile, PUFA can bind and activate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-a (PPARa) to induce 3-oxidation of fatty acids. PPRE PPAR response element LXRE LXR response element.

Shang, X.G., Wang, F.L., Li, D.F., Yin, J.D., li, X.J., and Yi GJ., Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the fatty acid composition of egg yolk, plasma and Uver as well as hepatic stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase activity and gene expression in laying hens. Poult. Sci., 84, 1886-1892, 2005. 

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