Links groundwater

The basis for aU computer models that link groundwater flow to strain through a continuity equation similar to (4) is Gauss theorem. Gauss theorem features a purely mathematical truth. It states (Kreyszig, 1983) that for any vector, r... 

Moreover, MTBE has been found in groundwater, lakes and resei voirs used for drinking water, and it has been linked to possible serious disease. The probable occurrence of cancerous tumors in labora-toiyi rats injected with MTBE alerted federal agencies as to its possible health hazards. In 1999, the EPA reversed itself, recommending the phasing out of MTBE as an additive to gasoline. 

The excess of evaporation from the oceans is made up for by runoff from the land. Although this flux is much smaller than precipitation and ET, it is a major link in many cycles and is of particular importance to humans in terms of water supply. Runoff can be broadly categorized into subsurface, or groundwater, flow and surface flow, consisting of overland runoff and river discharge. 

Another groundwater contaminant that can be removed by reduction reactions is perchlorate. Ammonium perchlorate is a solid rocket fuel, and wastes from its manufacturing have contaminated some irrigation and drinking water sources, among them the lower Colorado River in the American Southwest. Elevated perchlorate levels have been linked to human health effects, and because perchlorate has been found in vegetable crops such as lettuce, there is concern that this contamination could have serious consequences. 

Gallay, A., E)e Valk, H., Cournot, M., Ladeuil, B., Hemery, C., Castor, C., Bon, F., Megraud, F., Le Cann, P., and Desenclos, J. C. (2006). A large multi-pathogen waterborne community outbreak linked to faecal contamination of a groundwater system, France, 2000. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 12, 561-570. 

Reich, M., Palacios, C., Parada, M.A., Fehn, U., Cameron, E.M., Leybourne, M.I. Zuniga, A. 2008. Fluid inclusion, groundwater geochemistry, TEM and 36CI. Evidence for a genetic link between basinal brines and atacamite formation, Atacama Desert, Chile. Mineralium Deposita, 43, 663-675. 

Holmes, C.W. and Miller, R. (2002) Atmospheric transport and deposition of arsenic and potential link to Florida groundwater. Abstracts with Programs. The Geological Society of America, 34(6), 295. 

Van Geen, A., Aziz, Z Horneman, A. et al. (2006) Preliminary evidence of a link between surface soil properties and the arsenic content of shallow groundwater in Bangladesh. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 88(1-3), 157-61. 

A population-linked database was developed to assess exposure to the herbicides atrazine and simazine in the drinking water of community water systems (CWS) fed by groundwater and surface water sources in 32 major-use states. These states represent about 99% of the annual atrazine and simazine use in the United States. Herbicide concentration and population data from 1993 through 2000 were paired for each water system and then aggregated to construct state and multistate exposure profiles. 

LaRoche, J., Nuzzi, R., Waters, R., Wyman, K., Falkowski, P.G, and Wallace, D.W.R. (1997) Brown tide blooms in Long Island s coastal waters linked to interannual variability in groundwater flow. Global Change Biol. 3, 397-410. 

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