Linking, series/parallel

The next step is to develop a method to determine the overall reUabiUty and failure probabiUty for systems constmcted of a variety of individual components. This requires an understanding of how components are linked. Components are linked either in series or in parallel. For series linkages, overall failure results from the failure of any of the components. For parallel linkages, all of the components must fad. An example of a series linkage is an automobde. The car is disabled if a flat occurs in any one of the four tires. This situation is linked in parallel to the spare tire. The car is completely disabled oidy if a flat occurs and the spare tire is flat. 

ABSTRACT The method based on the results of the joint model linking a semi-Markov modelling of the system operation process with a multistate approach to system reliability and the linear programming are proposed to the operation and reliability optimization of complex technical systems at the variable operation conditions. The method consists in determining the optimal values of limit transient probabilities at the system operation states that maximize the system lifetimes in the reliability state subsets. The proposed method is applied to the operation and reliability optimization of the port grain transportation system composed of three multistate non-homogeneous series-parallel subsystems linked in series, changing its reliability structure and its components reliability parameters at variable operation conditions. 

A helix bundle is a protein composed of a series of rodlike helical domains linked by flexible segments and inserted into a membrane to form a cluster of helices roughly parallel to one another and perpendicular to the plane of the membrane. 

In striated skeletal and cardiac muscle, the desmin IF network forms an exosarcomeric lattice surrounding the myofibrils. Parallel filaments link Z-disks within a myofibril, and a prominent series of transverse filaments link neighboring myofibrils at the level of the Z-disks (Price and... 

Chemical reactions occurring because of a single kinetic act, i.e., because of a single collision between two molecules, are defined as elementary reactions. More complex laws of dependence on concentrations can be explained by complex reaction mechanisms, i.e., by the idea that most reactions occur as a sequence of many elementary reactions, linked in series or in parallel. As an example, the following... 

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