Linguistic logic

The short summary here of Popper s and Kuhn s contributions to the philosophy of science is based, in the case of Popper, only on his early work, which emphasized logic and classified psychology as not scientific. It should be emphasized that the later work of Popper, particularly in the last two decades, demonstrates his broad and deep ideas covering much more than the philosophy of science in a narrow sense. An excellent example is his opinion on precision, as published in Popper s autobiography (1982, p. 24) The quest for precision is analogous to the quest for certainty, and both should be abandoned. .. One should never try to be more precise than the problem demands. .. It is always undesirable to make an effort to increase precision for its own sake — especially linguistic precision — since this usually leads to loss of clarity. ... 

Grammatical/Logical Reasoning Arithmetic Computation Serial Add/Subtract Linguistic Processing... 

Fuzzy logic modeling. A linguistically interpretable rule-based model, based on the available expert knowledge and measured data. 

Stenning, K., and Oberlander, J. (1995). A cognitive theory of graphical and linguistic reasoning logic and implementation. Cognitive Science, 19, 97-140. 

Contrary to their classical counterparts, operations on fuzzy sets are not unique. This is a natural consequence of the fact—well-established by numerous psychological experiments—that logical connectives (not, and, or, etc.) in linguistic expressions have different meanings when applied by... 

Fuzzy logic deals with propositions expressed in natural language. The linguistic expressions involved may contain fuzzy linguistic terms of any of the following types ... 

Fig. 6 An illustration of the use of fuzzy logic to map the disintegration time of a tablet onto the linguistic concepts...

Fuzzy logic is also widely used in process control, because it allows rules to be expressed in a simple linguistic format IF (A) THEN (B), with an associated confidence level that is related to the membership functions. To understand how it is used for control, consider the simple example of a fan heater governed by four rules, summarized in Fig. 8. These rules map onto the four fuzzy sets COLD, COOL, WARM, and HOT also shown in Fig. 8. If the room temperature is 18°C, the heavy line on Fig. 8, then by Rule 3, the fan speed is medium, with truth value 0.7, and by Rule 4, the fan speed is low with truth value 0.3. The process of... 

Brickmann, J. (1997). Linguistic Variables in the Molecular Recognition Problem. In Fuzzy Logic in Chemistry (Rouvray, D.H., ed.). Academic Press, New York (NY), pp. 225-247. 

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