Linen warps

It is also common practice to classify filter media by their materials of construction. Examples are cotton, wool, linen, glass fiber, porosmooth surface caused by carrying the warp (or the weft) on the fabric surface over many weft (or warp) yarns. Intersections between warp and weft are kept to a minimum, just sufficient to hold the fabric firmly together and still provide a smooth fabric surface. The percentage of open area in a textile filter indicates the proportion of total fabric area that is open, and can be determined by the following relationship ... 

The relationship of the thermal conductivities of fabrics and volume fractions of water in the interfiber spaces was expressed by a quadratic curve when the heat flow was normal to the fabric surface and by a straight line when the flow was parallel to the warp yarns. Except for hairy wool fabrics, the thermal conductivity of various wet fabrics may be calculated from the equations of Naka and Kamata (J3). An earlier investigation used an environmentally controlled room as a periodic heat source, and observed conductivities of 1-2 x 10 l cal/cm-sec °C for cotton, linen, and wool fabrics, and changes to 2-10 x 10 when the water content of these fabrics were increased ( ). After correcting for anisotropic effects, good agreement between actual conductivity measurements of wool fabrics and those calculated from a mathematical model of a random arrangement of fibers was observed. 

Polyester/long-staple fibres are used in the linen industry, where yams may be of either the stretch broken or unbroken type, but more commonly of the latter. The linen component of the blend may be of bleached or unbleached fibre and yams spun from unbleached fibre may be bleached before weaving. Most fabrics in this blend are woven on sized (singles) warps. Unmodified warp sizes are removed by enzyme treatment and non-cellulosic matter is removed by an alkaline scour. 

Plain weave (linen weave) the weft thread passes successively above and then below each warp thread, and then inversely in the following pass. It is a one-by-one weave where one filling thread floats over one warp thread providing bidirectional strength properties. 

Butcher s linen n. A plain weave, stiff fabric with thick and thin yarns in both the warp and the filling. The fabric was originally made of linen but is now duplicated in 100% polyester or a variety of blends such as polyester/rayon or polyester/cotton. 

Leno weave le-(i)no- [per. ff. F linon linen fabric, lawn, ff. ME lin flax, linen, ff. L linum flax] (1821) n. A weave in which the warp yarns are arranged in pairs with one twisted around the other between picks of filhng yarn as in marquisette. This type of weave gives firmness and strength to an open weave fabric and prevents slippage and displacement of warp and filling yarns. Kadolph SJJ, Langford AL (2001) Textiles. Pearson Education, New York. 

Reel re(9)l [ME, ff. OE hreol akin to ON hroell weaver s reed, Gk krekein to weave] (before 12c) n. (1) A revolving frame on which yarn is wound to form hanks orskeins. (2) The frame on which silk is wound from the cocoon. (3) A linen yarn measure of 72,000 yards. (4) The large wheel in a horizontal warper onto which the warp sections are wound in the indirect system of warping. (5) A spool of large capacity used to wind yarn or wire. 

---