Linear scales range

Detection requirements in preparative-scale chromatography also differ from analytical erations where detectors are selected for their sensitivity. Sensitivity is not of overriding importance in preparative-scale chromatography the ability to accommodate large column flow rates and a wide linear response range are more useful. The sensitivity of the refractive index detector is usually quite adequate for prqtaratlve work but the ... 

A-allele. Upper extreme of the linear scale has been omitted, (b) Discrimination between genotypes with Invader. In the box plot the black bars represent medians, whiskers interquartile range and circles outliers. 

If affordable, there is a range of very accurate coupled-cluster and symmetry-adapted perturbation theories available which can approach spectroscopic accuracy [57, 200, 201]. However, these are only applicable to the smallest alcohol cluster systems using currently available computational resources. Near-linear scaling algorithms [192] and explicit correlation methods [57] promise to extend the applicability range considerably. Furthermore, benchmark results for small systems can guide both experimentalists and theoreticians in the characterization of larger molecular assemblies. 

Fig. 4.15 Momentum transfer (Q)-dependence of the characteristic time r(Q) of the a-relaxation obtained from the slow decay of the incoherent intermediate scattering function of the main chain protons in PI (O) (MD-simulations). The solid lines through the points show the Q-dependencies of z(Q) indicated. The estimated error bars are shown for two Q-values. The Q-dependence of the value of the non-Gaussian parameter at r(Q) is also included (filled triangle) as well as the static structure factor S(Q) on the linear scale in arbitrary units. The horizontal shadowed area marks the range of the characteristic times t mr- The values of the structural relaxation time and are indicated by the dashed-dotted and dotted lines, respectively (see the text for the definitions of the timescales). The temperature is 363 K in all cases. (Reprinted with permission from [105]. Copyright 2002 The American Physical Society)...

Figure 9.3 shows the same data but with the horizontal axis plotted as log D. This allows one to show a much larger particle size range than that which can be shown using a linear scale for the diameter. 

The wide range in the hydrogen-ion concentrations of aqueous solution makes it difficult to plot these values on a linear scale. As a convenience, we use a logarithmic scale introduced many years ago. Hydrogen-ion concentrations are represented by "pH" and hydroxide-ion concentrations by pOH , defined by the relations... 

Fig. 1. Analysis of fluospheres (Dako Ltd.) using logarithmic (open peaks) and linear (filled peaks) amplification. Logarithmically amplified peaks are identified by upper-case letters, and the corresponding bead peak amplified on a linear scale by lower-case letters. The linear scale discriminates between bright signals (for example, d and e) better than the log scale (D and E). but the range of fluorescence covered by the log scale is much greater than the linear scale.

As a supplemental approach to determine the linearity of calibration curves that span a wide concentration range, many analytical chemists replot the data on a log-log scale. Although that approach makes the data points at the lower end of the concentration scale easier to see, the data are displayed in a nonlinear system which distorts the patterns that existed in a linear scale.24 The tendency, however, is to interpret the curve using a linear scale, so log-log plots are easily misinterpreted. 

Calibration graphs of polyoxyethylene, octylphenyl and nonylphenyl ethers with a scale range of 0.05 absorbance units were linear between 0 and 20pg. 

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