Linear polarization industrial waters

The linear polarization technique estimates instantaneous corrosion rates under various process conditions. The corrosion current, according to the Stem-Geary equation, is inversely proportional to polarization resistance, which allows the measured polarization resistance to be normalized directly into corrosion rates. Because the current follows the appHed overvoltage, the polarization resistance curve is plotted automatically. Because this technique accurately measures corrosion rates <0.1 mpy, it is of a great importance in water distribution systems and food industries that face problems with traces of impurities and contamination. It can be used to measure the corrosion rates in civil engineering structures that cannot be subjected to weight loss measurements. Usually, Hnear polarization measurements are executed in 10 min. As shown in Fig. 5.3, the current as a... 

Surfactants are chemical compounds that possess great surface activity. They act so diversely because of the unbalanced molecular structure. A surfactant molecule may be visualized as a tadpole or a mini-racquet. The head is the hydrophilic (water-loving), strongly polar portion and the tail is the hydrophobic (oU-loving) nonpolar portion. The head can be an anion, a cation, or nonion. The tail is a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain. It is this characteristic configuration that makes surfactants perform such diverse function in industry. 

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