Linear low-density polyethylenes. See

Practical Applications. IFP s Alphabutol process is used to dimerize ethylene selectively to 1-butene.43,85 The significance of this technology is the use of 1-butene as a comonomer in the polymerization of ethylene to produce linear low-density polyethylene (see Section 13.2.6). Under the reaction conditions applied in industry (50-60°C, 22-27 atm), the selectivity of 1-butene formation is higher than 90% at the conversion of 80-85%. Since no metal hydride is involved in this system, isomerization does not take place and only a small amount of higher-molecular-weight terminal alkenes is formed. 

Octene n. C6Hi3CH=CH2. A co-monomer, made from ethylene, and polymerized with ethylene to make linear, low-density polyethylene See image). 

OLEFIN POLYTffiRS - POLYETHYLENE - LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE] (Vol 17) LLDPE. See Linear low density polyethylene. 

The majority of spunbonded fabrics are based on isotactic polypropylene and polyester (Table 1). Small quantities are made from nylon-6,6 and a growing percentage from high density polyethylene. Table 3 illustrates the basic characteristics of fibers made from different base polymers. Although some interest has been seen in the use of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) as a base polymer, largely because of potential increases in the softness of the final fabric (9), economic factors continue to favor polypropylene (see OlefinPOLYMERS, POLYPROPYLENE). 

AH higher a-olefins, in the presence of Ziegler-Natta catalysts, can easily copolymerise both with other a-olefins and with ethylene (51,59). In these reactions, higher a-olefins are all less reactive than ethylene and propylene (41). Their reactivities in the copolymerisation reactions depend on the sise and the branching degree of their alkyl groups (51) (see Olefin polya rs, linear low density polyethylene). 

LLDPE. See linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) load-bearing products 139 ... 

Linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method, 16 736 Linear condensation, in silanol polycondensation, 22 557-558 Linear congruential generator (LCG), 26 1002-1003 Linear copolymers, 7 610t Linear density, 19 742 of fibers, 11 166, 182 Linear dielectrics, 11 91 Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), 1 509-510 16 184 20 350 Linear ethoxylates, 23 537 Linear ethylene copolymers, 20 179-180 Linear-flow reactor (LFR) polymerization process, 23 394, 395, 396 Linear free energy relationship (LFER) methods, 16 753, 754 Linear higher a-olefins, 20 429 Linear internal olefins (LIOs), 17 724 Linear ion traps, 15 662 Linear kinetics, 9 612 Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), 10 596 17 724-725 20 179-211 24 267, 268. See also LLDPE entries a-olefin content in, 20 185-186 analytical and test methods for,... 

Molecular orbitals, in organic semiconductors, 22 211 Molecular orbital theory, 16 737 Molecular orientation, in linear low density polyethylene, 20 188-189 Molecular oxygen, 17 746. See also Oxygen (0)... 

Molecular solutions, 8 697 Molecular speciation/quantification, infrared spectroscopy in, 23 140 Molecular spectroscopy, 10 508 Molecular structure. See also Chemical structures Molecular formulas of linear low density polyethylene, 20 182-184... 

Rheological properties, See also Rheology of dry foams, 12 16 of embedding materials, 10 10 of encapsulants, 10 12-13 of linear low density polyethylene,... 

Rotational molding, of linear low density polyethylene, 20 200. See also Rotomolding... 

Low- and high-density polyethylene, polypropene, and polymers of other alkene (olefin) monomers constitute the polyolefin family of polymers. All except LDPE are produced by coordination catalysts. Coordination catalysts are also used to produce linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), which is essentially equivalent to LDPE in structure, properties, and applications (Sec. 8-1 lc). The production figures given above for LDPE do not include LLDPE. The production of LLDPE now exceeds that of LDPE, with about 10 billion pounds produced in 2001 in the United States. (Copolymers constitute about one-quarter of all low density polyethylenes see Sec. 6-8b.)... 

Nowadays, the leading two polyolefin companies are producing more than 20 million metric tons of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) annually. This is about 35% of the world production of all POs. The demand for high impact polypropylene HIPP, and linear low density polyethylene, LLDPE, especially (see Fig. 5.4-2) is permanently growing at about 7% per year. "Distance holders", such as the methyl groups and the butene branch shown in Fig. 5.4-2, help to control the degree of crystallinity, and consequently the processability. 

Layered double hydroxides, intercalation in, 12, 828 LCBs, see Long chain branches LC compounds, see Liquid crystalline silicones LCST, see Lower critical solution temperatures LDHs, see Layered double hydroxides LDPE, see Linear low-density polyethylene Lead complexes in C-C bond formations, 3, 887 chromium carbonyl complexes, 5, 208... 

The manufacture of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) by slurry polymerization in hexane (see Sections 6.2 and 6.8) is carried out by Hoechst, Mitsui, and a number of other chemical manufacturers in a series of continuous stirred tank reactors. The manufacture of butyraldehyde from CO, H2, and propylene using a soluble rhodium phosphine complex (see Sections 5.2 and 5.5) is also carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor. 

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