Linear induction accelerators

Linear induction accelerators (induction linacs) Linear accelerators that operate by inducing an electromotive force in a cavity through a rapid change in the magnetic field strength. In effect, the electron beam acts as the analog of the secondary winding in a transformer. 

Other types of indirect accelerators are vhf resonant cavities and linear induction accelerators, such as travelling wave linacs, standing wave linacs, resonant cavity accelerators and linear induction accelerators [1]. 

They demonstrated that electron-deficient R groups and electron-rich R substituents at S accelerated the reductive elimination. They proposed 123 (Lj = DPPE, R = Ph, R = Ar) as a transition state, where R acts as an electrophile and thiolate as a nucleophile. The Hammet plot for the reductive elimination showed that the resonance effect of the substituent in R determines the inductive effect of the R group, and the effect in SR showed an acceptable linear relationship with the standard o-values. The relative rate for sulfide elimination as a function of the hybrid valence configuration of the carbon center bonded to palladium followed the trend sp > sp spl... 

There was a slight rate acceleration with an inductive removal of electrons from the a-carbon. A correlation of the chemical shift of the a-proton in CCI4 with Taft (7 constants was made, and a fairly good linear free energy plot of the relative rate coefficients was obtained with a. This indicates a modest increase in rate by electron withdrawing substituents. 

The data on the effect of substituted benzyl groups at the C atom on the rate of solvolysis of tosylates 26) accompanied by a 1,2-methyl shift (Table 7) agrees with the assumption of the inductive nature of the accelerating effect a linear relationship is found between the logarithms of the relative rate constants of the 1,2-shift of a CHj group and the o -constants of p-substituted phenyl groups The... 

As was indicated in sections 2.2.1 and 2.3.1, the occurrence of an induction period is a prominent feature of shock-wave experiments sensitive to the macroscopic hydrogen-oxygen reaction. The acceleration at the beginning of the reaction is so marked that in any linear measure of the reaction profile there is a perceptible period of negligible reaction which is followed by an abrupt S-shaped portion. We now... 

Linear low density poly(ethylene)-based nanocomposites exhibit a faster photo oxidation in comparison to the unfilled matrix. The acceleration is not due to a faster rate of the photo oxidation but due to the reduction of the induction time of the oxidation reaction. It is suspected that the presence of trace amoimts of metal ions in the organoclays promotes a catalytic photo oxidation. Thus, metal deactivators have been introduced into the formulations. Combinations of metal deactivators with UV absorbers show synergistic effects (12). 

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