Indirect Accelerators

Low-power linacs are mostly used in cancer therapy and industrial radiography, whereas medium-power linacs are utilized in radiation processing. 

Schematic of an indirect accelerator (microwave Hnac). (CleUand, M.R., Radiation Processing of Polymers (Singh, A., and Silverman, Eds.) Carl Hanser Publishers, p. 30 (1992). With permission of Carl Hanser Publishers.) 

A standing wave (SW) microwave linear accelerator consists of a linear array of resonant cavities that are energized by a common source of microwave power. These cavities are nearly isolated by webs with small-diameter apertures, and the high-energy electron beam passes through these apertures. However, they are coupled through intermediate cavities, which stabilize the microwave phase relationship between the accelerating cavities. 

Detailed information on designs, principles of operation, and performance characteristics of electron accelerators is available in several books.  

A Rhodotron is an electron accelerator based on the principle of recirculation of a beam in successive passes through a single coaxial cavity resonating in the VHP frequency range. This large-diameter cavity operates with a relatively low microwave field, which makes it possible to achieve continuous wave (CW) acceleration of electron beams to high energies. 

---

Other types of indirect accelerators are vhf resonant cavities and linear induction accelerators, such as travelling wave linacs, standing wave linacs, resonant cavity accelerators and linear induction accelerators [1]. 

The minimum required actuation force Fmi can also be defined in the same way with Tl replaced with IT.. When the motorization equation is applied to mechanisms which have to fulfil a specified acceleration requirement or for which an indirect acceleration requirement can be deduced, then the external torque or force is increased by a factor of 1.25. 

---