Limit of specification

Figure 3-48. Upper limits of specific speeds for single suction overhung impeller pumps handling dear water at 85°F at sea level. (By permission, Hydraulic Institute Standards for Centrifugal, Rotary, and Reciprocating Pumps, Hydrauiic Institute, 13th ed., 1975.)...

Figure 3-65 gives the upper limits of specific speeds of single-stage, single and double-suction centrifugal pumps handling clear water at 85°F at sea level [22]. 

Figure 3-66. Upper limits of specific speeds of single-suction, mixed-flow and axial-flow pumps handling ciear water at 85°F at sea levei (courtesy Hydraulic institute).

Fig. 4.9. Distributions of measured values which belong to the content at the limit of specification xLSp and at the screening limit Xscr dis is the limit of discrimination...

The curve illustrates the sharpness of tests depending on the discrimination limit. In this way, TPR and TNR may be recognized and the unreliability region around the limit of specification can be estimated. Beyond the limits of the unreliability interval, it is possible to classify samples correctly apart... 

The computational results for the case studies allow the comparison and study of the efficiency and limitations of specific modeling approaches. However, it is worth mentioning that problem data involves only integer processing times, which represents a fortunate situation for discrete time models since no special provisions... 

With good magnetic sector instruments resolutions up to / = 10,000 can routinely be employed, and R = 15,000 may still be used. Nevertheless, resolutions larger than 10,000 are rarely employed in accurate mass measurements, and these are of use only where interferences of ions of the same nominal m/z need to be avoided. With an instrument in perfect condition, it is possible to achieve higher resolutions up to the limits of specification R = 60,000) on intensive peaks. 

Standards for upper limits of specific speeds have been established, like those shown in Figure 7.6 for four kinds of pumps. When these values are exceeded, cavitation and resultant damage to the pump may occur. Characteristic curves corresponding to widely different values of Ns are shown in Figure 7.3 for several kinds of pumps handling clear water. The concept of specific speed is utilized in Example 7.3. Further data are in Figure 7.6. 

Clearly the performance curves are well within the recommended upper limits of specific speed. 

Carbohydrates are practically non-reactive towards hydrated electrons, and upper limits of specific rates of the order of 106 M-1 sec-1 have been reported (Davis et al., 1965b). The result is consistent with the non-reactivity of alcohols and ethers. 

Limitations of Specific Enzymes NAG is not specific for the proximal tubule, but also increases with papillary injury and glomerular disorders. Concomitant evaluation of one of the proximal tubule specific brush border enzymes (LAP, GGT or IALP) allows correct interpretation of the NAG increase. There are also significant increases in basal excretion as a function of age in rats and gender in dogs (higher in males), so age and sex-matched controls must be used (reviewed in Emeigh Hart and Kinter 2005). 

What is the upper limit of specific speed and capacity of a 1750-r/min single-stage double-suction centrifugal pump having a shaft that passes through the impeller eye if it handles clear water at 85°F (302 K) at sea level at a total head of 280 ft with a 10-ft suction lift What is the efficiency of the pump and its approximate impeller shape ... 

Determine the upper limit of specific speed. Use the Hydraulic Institute upper-specific-speed curve, Fig. 6.10, for centrifugal pumps or a similar curve, Fig. 6.11, for mixed- and axial-flow... 

FIGURE 6.11 Upper limits of specific speeds of single-suction mixed-flow and axial-flow pumps. 

Clearly the performance curves are well within the recommended upper limits of specific speed (b) The manufacturer s recommended NPSH of the pump of Figure 7.7(c) with an 8 in. impeller will be checked against values from Eq. (7.15) with S = 7900 ... 

Many foods contain high-molecular weight polymers, such as proteins, pectins, and others. Often, they contribute significantly to the structure and viscosity of foods. In dilute solutions, the polymer chains are separate and the intrinsic viscosity, denoted as [ ], of a polymer in solution depends only on the dimensions of the polymer chain. Because [ ] indicates the hydrodynamic volume of the polymer molecule and is related to the molecular weight and to the radius of gyration, it reflects important molecular characteristics of a biopolymer. The concentrations of polymers used should be such that the relative viscosities of the dispersions are from about 1.2 to 2.0 to assure good accuracy and linearity of extrapolation to zero concentration (Morris and Ross-Murphy, 1981 da Silva and Rao, 1992). Intrinsic viscosity can be determined from dilute solution viscosity data as the zero concentration-limit of specific viscosity (ijsp) divided by concentration (c) ... 

What are the limits of specific recognition in receptor dependent uptake is there any discrimination between different isomers ... 

Issues Crystals formed by reactive crystallization contain residual solvent up to 0.5 wt%, which is the limit of specification for release of bulk drug. 

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