Lignocellulose classifications

The macerals in lower rank coals, eg, lignite and subbiturninous coal, are more complex and have been given a special classification. The term huminite has been appUed to the macerals derived from the humification of lignocellulosic tissues. Huminite is the precursor to the vitrinite observed in... 

Lignitic coal, classification by rank, 6 711t Lignocellulose, 5 367-368 10 295 Lignocellulose-based raw materials,... 

Fig. 8 a, b. a PCA classification of lignocellulose hydrolysates from pine, spruce, aspen and birch using a combination of MOS, MOSFET and CP sensors, b Prediction of the ferment-ability of the same hydrolysates expressed as specific ethanol production rate using ANNs with topologies adapted to the sensor array (from [34] with permission of ACS)... 

Lignin classification based on the quantities of the three phenylpropanoid units, namely 4-hydroxyphenylpropane (H), guaiacylpropane (G), and syringylpropane (S), formed in the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials... 

Natural fibers can further be divided into two types plant fibers and animal fibers. Figure 1.2 shows the detailed classification of the different plant fibers. These plant fibers are frequently referred to as lignocellulosic fibers. 

Lignocellulosic polymer composites refer to the engineering materials in which polymers (procured from natural/petroleum resources) serve as the matrix while the lignocellulosic fibers act as the reinforcement to provide the desired characteristics in the resulting composite material. Polymer composites are primarily classified into two types (a) fiber-reinforced polymer composites and (b) particle-reinforced polymer composites. Figure 1.5 (a) shows the classification of polymer composites depending upon the type of reinforcement. 

Cherubini F. Life cycle assessment of biorefmery systems based on lignocellulosic raw materials — concept development, classification and environmental evaluation (PhD thesis). Austria University of Technology at Graz ... 

This chapter is organized into three sections, apart from this introduction. The first section surveys in detail various feedstock that can be obtained from the forests and their lignocellulosic composition. Various classifications of forest-based feedstocks and their useful fermentation products are also discussed here. The second section presents the application of forest-based feedstocks in light of biorefinery and platform chemical production. To better understand the relationship between feedstock requirements and decreases in forest cover, a detailed analysis of land occupied by each forest-based feedstock will also be presented. The final section provides conclusions and suitable remedial measures to minimize deforestation due to biorefinery. 

Based on the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology s Enzyme Nomenclature and Classification (Webb, 1992), lignocellulose-degrading enzymes belong to... 

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