Lignin utilization approach

In contrast to the approach utilized in the direct determination of lignin, indirect methods do not involve the isolation of a lignin residue. Instead, the lignin content may be calculated as the difference between 100% and the polysaccharide content of an extractive-free sample or, more commonly, by measuring some characteristic structural functionality, property, or chemical response and relating the result to concentration. 

The most appropriate point to install a treatment system is a key issue when developing waste utilization technologies. Targeting individual sources of organic materials prior to biological treatment appears to be the most effective approach. A major source of this material in bleached kraft pulp mills is the bleach plant where lignin residues are oxidized and dissolved into the water. 

However, for practical approaches of effective utilization of lignins, it is important to pay attention to industrial lignins such as by-products of pulping processes... 

---