Light scattering plots

Figure 3. Light scattering plots for PVB in acetic acid and MIBK. Heating of the acetic acid solutions was for 2 hours at 80...

Figure 4. Light scattering plots for PVB in 3 1 MIBK/MeOH. Heating was for 4 hours at 55 C.

Figure 5. Light scattering plots for PVB in MIBK/MeOH mixtures at room temperature. All data were taken on solutions which had been heated for at least 2 hours at no less than 50 C. For the 1 1 and 9 1 MIBK/MeOH solvents, only the most concentrated solution was heated. Immediately after cooling, the most concentrated solution was used to prepare the solutions of lower concentration by dilution.

Fig. 15.11. Two-body osmotic parameter measured by light scattering, plotted against the interaction parameter z (ref. 14).

Figure 8 Typical light-scattering plot of reciprocal relative intensity vs. (2/A) sin /2).

There is a discontinuous coil-globule transition for y < 0.0228. (b) Radius of gyration Rq and hydrodynamic radius Rn of a polystyrene (PS) chain in cyclohexane measured by static and dynamic light scattering plotted against the temperature. The molecular weight of PS is Mw = 2.6 X 10. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [22].)... 

Figure 3.10 Rotational relaxation times from light-scattering. Plots of against viscosity of solution. Solutes benzene, toluene, p-xylene. Temperature 23.6 C. Solvents CCI4, i-pentane, t-BuOH, mixtures. From Ref. [15].

Figure 17.14. Self-diffusion coefficients of surfactant (O) and oil (A), and collective diffusion coefficients ( ), obtained by dynamic light scattering, plotted as a function of the volume fraction of droplets, 0 (data taken from ref (17))...

The light-scattering plots of both of these drugs indicate a non-micellar association pattern. Analysis of the data reveals that the association can best be described by a stepwise association model similar to that of pavatrine in high electrolyte concentration with association constants increasing with aggregation number according to the relationship, K = K n — l)/n,... 

A graphical method, proposed by Zimm (thus tenned the Zinnn plot), can be used to perfomi this double extrapolation to detemiine the molecular weight, the radius of gyration and the second virial coefficient. An example of a Zinnn plot is shown in figure Bl.9.6 where the light scattering data from a solution of poly... 

One of the most important fiinctions in the application of light scattering is the ability to estimate the object dimensions. As we have discussed earlier for dilute solutions containing large molecules, equation (B 1.9.38) can be used to calculate tire radius of gyration , R, which is defined as the mean square distance from the centre of gravity [12]. The combined use of equation (B 1.9.3 8) equation (B 1.9.39) and equation (B 1.9.40) (tlie Zimm plot) will yield infonnation on R, A2 and molecular weight. 

Figure 10.8 Light-scattering data plotted to give slope-intercept values which can be interpreted in terms of M and B. (a) Polystyrene in methyl ethyl ketone. [From B. A. Brice, M. Halwer, and R. Speiser,/. Opt. Soc. Am. 40 768 (1950), used with permission.] (b) Polystyrene in cyclohexane at temperatures indicated. Units of ordinates are given in Example 10.4. [Reprinted with permission from W. R. Krigbaum and D. K. Carpenter,7. Phys. Chem. 59 1166 (1955), copyright 1955 by the American Chemical Society.]...

Figure 10.12 Light-scattering data in the limit of C2 = 0 plotted according to Eq. (10.89) for cellulose nitrate in acetone. [Data from H. Benoit, A. M. Holtzer, and P. Doty,/. Phys. Chem. 58 635 (1954).]...

The most widely used molecular weight characterization method has been GPC, which separates compounds based on hydrodynamic volume. State-of-the-art GPC instruments are equipped with a concentration detector (e.g., differential refractometer, UV, and/or IR) in combination with viscosity or light scattering. A viscosity detector provides in-line solution viscosity data at each elution volume, which in combination with a concentration measurement can be converted to specific viscosity. Since the polymer concentration at each elution volume is quite dilute, the specific viscosity is considered a reasonable approximation for the dilute solution s intrinsic viscosity. The plot of log[r]]M versus elution volume (where [) ] is the intrinsic viscosity) provides a universal calibration curve from which absolute molecular weights of a variety of polymers can be obtained. Unfortunately, many reported analyses for phenolic oligomers and resins are simply based on polystyrene standards and only provide relative molecular weights instead of absolute numbers. 

Figure 5B. Correlation of right-angle light scatter measured by fluorometry and flow cytometry. The top panel shows flow-cytometric data of side scatter of fixed, stained cells during the time course of stimulation by 1-nM (solid line, solid circles) or 0.01-nH (dashed line, open circle) FLPEP. The bottom panel shows the corresponding right-angle light-scatter data acquired pseudo-simultaneously on live cells in the fluorometer. The flow-cytometric data have been averaged, but the fluorometry data are plotted for both duplicates from one donor. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 27. Copyright 1985 Rockefeller University Press.

FIGURE 17.2 Combined plot of small-angle x-ray and light scattering for a precipitated sihca sample. The silica sample is Dimosil 288, produced by Dimona Sihca Ltd. 

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