Light physics

One of us examined the timely use of three factors (melatonin treatment, exposure to light, physical exercise) to hasten the resynchronization of the sleep-wake cycle in a group of elite sports competitors after a transmeridian flight across 12 time zones (Cardinali et al. 2002). Outdoor light exposure and physical exercise were used to cover symmetrically the phase delay and the phase advance portions of the phase-response curve. Melatonin taken at local bedtime helped to resynchronize the circadian oscillator to the new time. Individual actograms taken from sleep log data showed that all subjects became synchronized in their sleep to the local time in 24-48 h, well in advance of what would be expected in the absence of any treatment (Cardinali et al. 2002). More recently, a retrospective analysis of the data obtained from 134 normal volunteers flying the Buenos Aires - Sydney transpolar route in the past 9 years was published this further supports such a role for exogenous melatonin in resynchronization of sleep cycles (Cardinal et al. 2006). 

Chance B., Yodh A., Spectroscopy and imaging with diffusing light, Physics Today 1995 40 34. 

Perkins KA, Fonte C, Blakesley-Ball R, Wilson AS (2005b) The discriminative stimulus, subjective, cardiovascular, and reinforcing effects of nicotine as a function of light physical activity, Nic Tob Res 7 591-600... 

A. Bergh, G. Craford, A. Duggal, and R. Haitz, The Promise and Challenge of Solid-State Lighting, Physics Today. December 2001, p. 42 ... 

C. Ren, R. G. Hemker, R. A. Fonseca, B. J. Duda, W. B. Mori, Mutual attraction of laser beams in plasmas braided light, Physical Review Letters 85, 2124 (2000). 

A packet of light or electromagnetic radiation also called quantum of light Physical Change... 

Respiratory Effects. Volunteers were exposed to 98, 113, or 195 ppm 2-butoxyethanol for 4-8 hours (Carpenter et al. 1956). The recorded responses of those exposed to 195 ppm included immediate irritation of the nose and throat. The subjects exposed to 113 ppm also experienced nasal irritation and a slight increase in nasal mucus discharge. In another study, no effects on pulmonary ventilation or respiratory frequency were found in seven male volunteers exposed to 2-butoxyethanol for 2 hours at the Swedish occupational exposure limit (20 ppm) during light physical exercise on a bicycle ergometer (Johanson et al. 1986a). 

Seliger, H. H., McElroy, W. D. Light Physical and biological action. New York Academic Press 1965. 

SeUger, H. H. (1995). Wilhehn Conrad Rontgen and the Ghmmer of Light. Physics Today 48 part 11, pp. 25-31. 

In the classical polishing process the surface is smoothed to a mirror level, so that specular reflections can occur on opaque surfaces and be perceived as luster or gloss. In case of transparent materials, such as lenses, polishing minimizes the amount of incident light physically scattered by asperities and small defects. In both mentioned... 

R. S. Bondurant, P. Kimiar, J. H. Shapiro, M. Maeda. Degenerate four-wave mixing as a possible source of squeezed-state light. Physical Revew A 1984 Jul 30(l) 343-353. 

J. Bergou, C. Benkert, L. Davidovich and et al. Double two-photon correlated-spontaneous-emission lasers as bright sources of squeezed light. Physical Revew A 1990 Nov l 42(9) 5544-5552. 

Klaus M. Gheri, Daniel F. Walls. Lossless transformation of coherent light into amplitude-squeezed light. Physical Revew A 1992 Dec 1 46(11) R6793 - R6796. 

M. Kiffner,M. S. Zubairy,J. Evers, C. H. Keitel. Two-mode single-atom laser as a source of entangled light. Physical Revew A 2007 Jul 2 75(3) 033816(8). 

Xiang-ming Hu and Jin-hua Zou. Quantum-beat lasers as bright sources of entangled sub-Poissonian light. Physical Revew A 2008 Sep 15 78(4) 045801(4). 

Appel J, Figueroa E, Korystov D et al. Quantum memory for squeezed light. Physical Review Letters 2008 Mar 5 100(9) 093602(4). 

Braje DA, Balic V, Yin GY et al. Low-light-level nonlinear optics with slow light. Physical RevewA2003 Oct 15 68(4) 041801(4). 

Andre A, Bajcsy M, Zibrov AS and et al. Nonlinear optics with stationary pulses of light. Physical Review Letters 2005 Feb 15 94(6) 063902(4). 

Galperin, M. and Nitzan, A. (2012) Molecular optoelectronics the interaction of molecular conduction junctions with light. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 14, 9421-9438. 

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