Local time

At what local time is sunset on August 21 at 40°S latitude ... 

Phase encoding of higher order terms (locally time dependent accelerations) is feasible in principle with pulse trains such as the example shown in Figure 2.9.4(d). However, the relatively long acquisition times of NMR parameter maps conflict with snapshot records that would be needed for such maps. In any case, in Ref. [27] fast imaging techniques are described and discussed that could be employed for moderate versions of snapshot experiments. 

One of us examined the timely use of three factors (melatonin treatment, exposure to light, physical exercise) to hasten the resynchronization of the sleep-wake cycle in a group of elite sports competitors after a transmeridian flight across 12 time zones (Cardinali et al. 2002). Outdoor light exposure and physical exercise were used to cover symmetrically the phase delay and the phase advance portions of the phase-response curve. Melatonin taken at local bedtime helped to resynchronize the circadian oscillator to the new time. Individual actograms taken from sleep log data showed that all subjects became synchronized in their sleep to the local time in 24-48 h, well in advance of what would be expected in the absence of any treatment (Cardinali et al. 2002). More recently, a retrospective analysis of the data obtained from 134 normal volunteers flying the Buenos Aires - Sydney transpolar route in the past 9 years was published this further supports such a role for exogenous melatonin in resynchronization of sleep cycles (Cardinal et al. 2006). 

These techniques offer even more interesting noise-filtering properties as they are capable of localizing time- and frequency-varying noise and signal components. 

The surface is described by a height h which is a function of position, specified by surface coordinates (x,y). It advances at a local time-averaged rate set by the current density. Superimposed on the average rate is a spatially uncorrelated, fluctuating deposition rate r. If the particles remain at the point of deposition, the local rate of growth is determined entirely by the flux. 

Local time scales can vary significantly over the computational domain making unsteady simulations expensive. However, local time stepping can be used to reduce drastically convergence for stationary flows. 

The algorithms discussed earlier for time averaging and local time stepping apply also to velocity, composition PDF codes. A detailed discussion on the effect of simulation parameters on spatial discretization and bias error can be found in Muradoglu et al. (2001). These authors apply a hybrid FV-PDF code for the joint PDF of velocity fluctuations, turbulence frequency, and composition to a piloted-jet flame, and show that the proposed correction algorithms virtually eliminate the bias error in mean quantities. The same code... 

Muradoglu, M. and S. B. Pope (2002). Local time stepping algorithm for solving PDF turbulence model equations. AIAA Journal 40, 1755-1763. 

Another method suitable for wide bands is the local-time approximation (LTA) discussed and used by Kawai and exploited by several authors The fundamental idea of the LTA is that the time variation of fj in the integral in (24) can be ignored, so that fj(u) can be replaced by fj t), which can then be removed from the integral. Therefore, (24) takes the form... 

As an example. Fig. 18 shows the diabatic electronic population probability for Model I. The quantum-mechanical results (thick line) are reproduced well by the QCL calculations, which have assumed a localization time of to = 20 fs. The results obtained for the standard QCL (thin full line) and the energy-conserving QCL (dotted line) are of similar quality, thus indicating that the phase-space distribution p]](x, p) at to = 20 fs is similar for the two schemes. Also shown in Fig. 18 are the results obtained for a standard surface-hopping calculation (dashed line), which largely fail to match the beating of the quantum reference. 

The data can then be downloaded directly into the clinical trial database. The main drawbacks include the need for training the subject in the diary s use, possible errors in local time settings and the logistics of distribution, maintenance and recovery of the diaries. 

Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) occurs when the molecular transient anion state is dissociative in the Franck-Condon (FC) region, the localization time is of the order of or larger than the time required for dissociation along a particular nuclear coordinate, and one of the resulting fragments has positive electron affinity. In this case, a stable atomic or molecular anion is formed along with one or more neutral species. Dissociative electron attachment usually occurs via the formation of core-excited resonances since these possess sufficiently long lifetimes to allow for dissociation of the anion before autoionization. 

When you arrive at your destination, stay up until at least 10 00 p.m. local time. Don t go to bed too early. 

The left-hand side refers to the system, and the right-hand side refers to the control volume that is initially coincident with the system. The right-hand side has two terms. The volume-integral term is concerned with the local time rate of change of the intensive property within the volume of the control volume, which is the accumulation rate of N within the control volume. The surface-integral term is concerned with the net rate at which N is carried out of the control volume by convection with the fluid velocity V through the surfaces of the control volume. 

The Window of Circadian Low (WOCL) is the period between 02 00 hr and 05 59 hr. Within a band of 3 time zones the WOCL refers to home base time. Beyond these 3 time zones the WOCL refers to home base time for the first 48 hr after departure from home base time zone, and to local time thereafter. 

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