Slow light

Connie, J. Chang-Hasnain, Pei-Cheng Ku, Jungho Kim and Shun-Lien Chuang. Variable Optical Buffer Using Slow Light in Semiconductor Nanostructures. Proceedings of the IEEE, 91 1884, 2003. 

When exposed for 8 hours, rats showed incoordination at 8,200 mg/m that was not observed at 4,600 mg/m and dogs had tremors and convulsions at 8,000 mg/m cats, exposed for 2.5-7.5 hours, exhibited slowed light reaction, convulsions, and tremors at 10,000 mg/m before their death (Carpenter et al. 1975a, 1975b). The reversibility of the effects short of death were not studied. The data are limited for dogs and cats because only one female dog and four male cats were tested. 

Retardation (delta) is the distance that the slow light ray lags behind the fast ray and is directly related to crystal birefringence and thickness. In other words. 

E. Paspalakis and P. L. Knight. Transparency, slow light and enhanced nonlinear optics in a four-level scheme. Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics 2002 Jul 29 4 372-375. 

H. Kang, G Hernandez, and Y. Zhu. Slow-Light Six-Wave Mixing at Low Light Intensities. Physical Review Letters 2004 Au 13 93(7) 073601(4). 

Braje DA, Balic V, Yin GY et al. Low-light-level nonlinear optics with slow light. Physical RevewA2003 Oct 15 68(4) 041801(4). 

Fig. 16. (a) Slow light demonstration, (b) and (c) All-optical routing based on light storage. 

B. S. Ham. Observations of delayed all-optical routing in a slow-light regime. Physical Revew A 2008 Jul30 78(l) 011808 (4). 

Jensen KH, Alam MN, Scherer B, Lambrecht A, Mortensen NA (2008) Slow-light enhanced light-matter interactions with applications to gas sensing. Opt Commun 281(21) 5335—5339 John S (1987) Strong localization of photons in certain disordered physics dielectric superlattices. Phys Rev Lett... 

The first spontaneous curing of acrolein observed was also the first polymerization in bulk [3]. Later, this observation was examined more closely [4—6,50-52]. Furthermore, a slow light- or y-ray-initiated polymerization is possible, yielding highly cross-linked glassy products [46,53,54]. By means of AIBN or peroxides as initiators an explosive course of the reaction is observed that causes problems in the carriage of the reaction heat [42,55]. Therefore, working with only small amounts is recommended. 

Fig. 6.14 Three-level model of luminescence. An external source of energy excites (pumps) electrons to a state of very high energy rapid transitions of electrons to intermediate metastable energy states are followed by slow light-emitting (optical) transitions back to the ground state...

P.W. Milonni, Fast Light, Slow Light and Left-Handed Light (Taylor Francis, Abingdon, Oxford, 2004)... 

One more trend in laser control is based on the use of the property of coherence of the laser light. To effect coherent laser control, it is necessary that not only the light, but also the atom (or molecule) should be in a coherent state during the interaction. For atoms in a beam or in a low-pressure gas, the phase relaxation time of their wave functions depends on spontaneous decay or on collisions and can be comparatively long (from 10 to 10 s). It was for precisely this reason that the main experiments on coherent interaction were conducted with atoms. These experiments led in the final analysis to the discovery of new effects, such as coherent population trapping (Arimondo 1996), electromagnetically induced transparency (Harris 1997), and the slow-light effect (Hau et al. 1999 Kash et al. 1999). 

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