Light equations

Another method to control photoassisted transformations is to use molecules that may be excited under visible light (Equation 12.13), such as dye molecules. These molecules (denoted by the letter X in the following equations) are able to inject electrons into the conduction band of a catalyst (Equation 12.14). The cation radical formed under these conditions may undergo chemical decomposition, unless it regenerates in a period of time smaller than the period needed for its decomposition (Equation 12.15) [29]... 

The furyl fulgide 172 has found use as a stable, recyclable actinometer for conventional photochemical experiments in the 313-366 mn wavelength range, where 173 = 0.20 and is independent of temperature and concentration245. It has also been developed as an actinometer in one- and two-laser flash photolysis experiments246. The colored form 173 can be converted back to 172 by simple exposure to visible light (equation 65). 

Thiepin 1,1-dioxide (240) has been obtained by the reaction of a six-membered cyclic sulfone with diphenylacetylene in the presence of UV light (equation 76). No mechanism has been proposed for this rather unusual ring expansion (74JOC103). 

Only the free excited fluor emits light. Equations (9.10), (9.46), and (9.47) then yield the Stern-Volmer equation,... 

In addition to the sensitivity of the detector, the other concern is how fast it responds to a change in the intensity of light. Equation 6.53 gives the voltage drop Vt t) on the load resistor R that will be fed to the SH and digitizer (Figure 6.10). 

Recalling the expression for the induced dipole moment, defined in terms of the polarizability of the molecule (Equation 12-22), and then differentiating, we obtain our final expression for the electric field arising from the interaction of a small, single molecule with polarized light (Equation 12-25) ... 

Gilman et alP found that the Grignard reaction with AgBr was considerably accelerated by light (equation 3). 

The dipeptide sweetener aspartame has been synthesized via an oxaziridine, which was rearranged by irradiation with UV light (equation 26). ... 

One state s> not coupled to any others, except to the states of the radiation field. For the excitation we use a white laser, that is, x(w — (oLs) = C, some constant, independent of to, denoting the strength of the interaction of molecule and light. Equation (6) becomes... 

Work with NO and the respiratory system provides the only direct evidence of NO production in vivo in humans, and analytical techniques devised for the detection of NO as an atmospheric pollutant have been applied. Reaction between NO and ozone leads to the generation of light (equations 5 and 6). 

Second case would normally be referred to as a band-pass effect. However, the resonance and offending non-absorbed lines which are sufficiently close to pass through the exit slit of the atomic absorption monochromator, would be well separated by a higher resolution monochromator. The unabsorbable radiation passing through the exit slit gives rise to the more conventional type of calibration curvature defined by the stray light equation. 

Diolefins, monoolefins, and transition metal compounds give l-a-alkyl-4, 5, 6-allyl chelated complexes during irradiation with ultraviolet light [equation (7.42)]. 

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