Light ends service

In each and every one of these problems, I have requested immediate petroleum light ends chromatographic and ASTM D86 lab tests from the client s lab services. In answer to half of these requests, I have been handed a document used for the design of the refinery that was at least 15 to 20 years out of date with current operations. While being handed these archaic wonders, I have been told, We don t get the ASTM test you requested from our lab, and they don t get the proper samples to run the test you requested. I have been even further moved by the fact that these laboratory marvels didn t have the proper apparatus nor the personnel experience in their facilities to run such simple ASTM tests. 

It would seem that such broadened use of flexible plastics and rubbers in exterior-body structural members will compel the conclusion that high performance materials are needed. They must not only be relatively light, flexible, serviceable at temperature extremes, and easily fabricated and finished, but they must be as strong and as tough as possible. The public will demand this. One type of flexible synthetic polymer which meets these requirements very well indeed is the thermoplastic urethane elastomers which have already proved themselves in flexible front ends, sight shields, and fascia in production model automobiles. 

My own technical experience has pretty much followed this history of distillation simulation. My practical experience started back in a high-school chemistry class in which we performed batch distillations. Next came an exposure to some distillation theory and running a pilot-scale batch distillation column as an undergraduate at Penn State, learning from Arthur Rose and Black Mike Cannon. Then, there were five years of industrial experience in Exxon refineries as a technical service engineer on pipestills, vacuum columns, light-ends units, and alkylation units, all of which used distillation extensively. 

Major type of use Unstressed joints designs with caps, overlaps, stiffeners Stressed joints at slightly elevated temp Unstressed joints on light-weight materials joints in flexure Where highest and strictest end-service c[Pg.837]

Refrigeration systems are widely used in a refinery. Some of the more common services are alkylation (isobutane refrigerant), ammonia production (ammonia refrigerant), and gas plant light ends absorber (propane refrigerant). 

A light ends fractionation unit can be found in several locations within the refinery processing scheme. Many refineries will have several units in this service, their multiplicity being dictated by being keyed into various types of processing units. They are always found in the following places. 

The use of natural gas for lighting streets began in the 1820s. Its use for lighting in homes in New York and other cities did not occur until the latter part of the 1800s. That use ended with the invention of the light bulb and the widespread installation of electrical service. Today, natural gas is used to heat homes, to produce electricity, and as an industrial fuel. 

The queen stands upon a yellow substance or light, on which there appears the profile of a man s head. It might remind us of Plate TIO, where the golden head has been severed from the torso. The profile in the alembic, however, refers to an individual man whose mental faculties and skills are now at the service of the Feminine Principle of relatedness rather than an end-in-themselves or a source of power or dominance. 

---