Ligament diameter

Ligament diameter depends mainly on the film thickness, and thus thinner liquid films break down into smaller droplets. Rizk and Lefebvre 9X observed SMD oc ts0A, where SMD is the Sauter mean diameter of droplets. York et al.[255 and Dombrowski and... 

Fig. 24.42 The plot of 24.4.1, plotted against Ohnesorge s number at various ligament diameters...

In the section on Twin-Huid Nozzles, it was shown that Lund et al. [36] derived 24.4.i for effervescent nozzles. This same equation is valid for swirl nozzles. The only difference lies in the method by which the ligament diameter is determined. A formula was derived by Couto et al. [66] 24.7.ii, and can be used in conjunction with 24.4.i. The spray angle is considered in this formula as well. Equation 24.4.i is plotted in Fig. 24.42 as a function of the Ohnesorge number at different ligament diameters. 

The equation is used to determine ligament diameter as the liquid exits the nozzle... 

The ligament diameter dp can be deduced by geometric craiversion without considering any material properties (see (21.10)). 

The ligament is the material between the holes (that which holds the holes together). In a tube-plate the presence of the tubes strengthens the plate, and this is taken into account when calculating the ligament efficiency by using the inside diameter of the tubes in place of the hole diameter in equation 13.111. 

In both the Direct Droplet and Ligament regimes, the mean droplet size is inversely proportional to the rotational speed co and the square root of the electrode or disk diameter dp ... 

This approximate relationship is similar to those for centrifugal atomization of normal liquids in both Direct Droplet and Ligament regimes. However, it is uncertain how accurately the model for K developed for normal liquid atomization could be applied to the estimation of droplet sizes of liquid metals Tombergl486 derived a semi-empirical correlation for rotating disk atomization or REP of liquid metals with the proportionality between the mean droplet size, rotational speed, and electrode or disk diameter similar to the above equation. Tornberg also presented the values of the constants in the correlation for some given operation conditions and material properties. 

When solutions of directly acting choUnomimetics are applied to the eye (i.e., conjunctival sac), they cause contraction of the smooth muscle in two important structures, the iris sphincter and the ciliary muscles (Fig. 12.3). Contraction of the iris sphincter decreases the diameter of the pupil (miosis). Contraction of the circular fibers of the ciliary muscle, which encircles the lens, reduces the tension on the suspensory ligaments that normally stretch and flatten the lens, allowing the highly elastic lens to spontaneously round up and focus for near vision (accommodation to near vision). 

Laparoscopic catheterization of the ronnd ligament of liver was condncted in 16 patients. Catheterization of the cellnlar tissne of the ronnd ligament was performed by its centesis with a thin trocar at the point of projection of the ligament on the anterior abdominal wall and gniding of the catheter with 1-2 mm diameter to the depth of 5-7 cm. With snbseqnent introdnction into the cellular tissue of the round ligament in a single step or by drops of 0.25% solution of novocaine, broad-spectrum action antibiotics, spasmolytic, antihistamine and anti-enzymatic preparations and cytostatic drugs in qnantities determined by the severity of the disease. The duration of catheterization was 6 1 days. 

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