Lifestyle-modification strategies

Figure 5.2 Therapeutic interventions for decreasing colorectal mucosal bile acid exposure as a CRC chemoprevention strategy. 1) Lifestyle modifications including reduction in dietary animal fat and increased fibre intake may, at least partly, be explained by reduction in luminal primary (cholic acid [CA] and chenodeoxycholic acid [CDCA]) and secondary (deoxycholic acid [DCA] and lithocholic acid [LCA]) bile acids. 2) Reduction of secondary bile acids, which are believed to have pro-carcinogenic activity could be obtained by decreased bacterial conversion from primary bile acids. 3) Alternatively, bile acids could be sequestered by chemical binding agents, e.g. aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3) or probiotic bacteria. 4) Exogenous ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can reduce the luminal proportion of secondary bile acids and also has direct anti-neoplastic activity on colonocytes in vitro.

Cancer is largely an avoidable or preventable disease. It is estimated that more than two-thirds of cancer-related deaths can be prevented through lifestyle modification, particnlarly our daily diet. Frequent consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables has been consistently shown to reduce the risk of several forms of human cancer. A major prevention strategy has been the Five a Day for Better Health program sponsored by the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI), encouraging the pubhc to include more frait and vegetables in their diet. ... 

With this background there is an obvious call for novel strategies to follow changes of complex molecular patterns of different stress-related diseases over days, weeks, months, and years as an effect of lifestyle and the psychosocial environment to reflect the effects of unhealthy environments. The molecular interactions between the brain and the immune system in health and disease are reflected in the circulatory system as the white blood cells, the lymphocytes, mimic ongoing activities in the brain. By using lymphocytes from patients with psychosomatic-psychiatric diseases we can find detailed information about protein-peptide translational modifications and transformation essential for the development of new approaches that can prevent and treat major psychiatric diseases. 

Basic treatment for cancer includes chemotherapy, radiations, and surgery. Strategies for prevention include modification of lifestyle factors and dietary interventions. The role of dietary fat in cancer is controversial. Many prospective studies found an increase in cancer risk (82-84), whereas others reported no association between fat intake and cancer (85-87). 

In general, five different treatment strategies are used for menstruation-related disorders (1) lifestyle changes to minimize pre-cipitants, (2) physical and behavioral symptom relief, (3) modification of neurotransmitter/hormonal imbalances, (4) suppression of ovulation, and (5) removal of ovaries. 

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